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Inconel 718合金激光增材修复关键工艺优化

王梦璐, 李占明, 孙晓峰, 宋巍, 王瑞

王梦璐, 李占明, 孙晓峰, 宋巍, 王瑞. Inconel 718合金激光增材修复关键工艺优化[J]. 焊接学报, 2024, 45(6): 30-38. DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20230314001
引用本文: 王梦璐, 李占明, 孙晓峰, 宋巍, 王瑞. Inconel 718合金激光增材修复关键工艺优化[J]. 焊接学报, 2024, 45(6): 30-38. DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20230314001
WANG Menglu, LI Zhanming, SUN Xiaofeng, SONG Wei, WANG Rui. Optimization of key technology of Inconel 718 alloy by laser additive repair[J]. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CHINA WELDING INSTITUTION, 2024, 45(6): 30-38. DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20230314001
Citation: WANG Menglu, LI Zhanming, SUN Xiaofeng, SONG Wei, WANG Rui. Optimization of key technology of Inconel 718 alloy by laser additive repair[J]. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CHINA WELDING INSTITUTION, 2024, 45(6): 30-38. DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20230314001

Inconel 718合金激光增材修复关键工艺优化

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52105234)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    王梦璐,硕士;主要从事激光熔覆方面的研究; Email: wmlu990426@163.com

    通讯作者:

    李占明,博士;Email: 18911582505@163.com

  • 中图分类号: TG 406

Optimization of key technology of Inconel 718 alloy by laser additive repair

  • 摘要:

    为了进一步优化制备试样的成形质量并延长其服役寿命,首先探究了工艺参数对激光增材修复Inconel 718合金成形质量及力学性能的影响,采用正交设计试验方法进行Inconel 718合金单道沉积层熔覆试验,观察了不同工艺参数下单道熔覆层的表面形貌并测量其宽度和高度,通过极差值与排序结果,分析工艺参数对单道熔覆层几何形状的影响规律,得到3个主要的工艺参数对单道熔覆层形貌的影响排序,从而获得最优的工艺参数组合;之后,利用调控后的工艺参数成功制备出无裂纹、孔隙等缺陷的块状Inconel 718合金试样,选择激光功率为主要探究因素,研究激光功率对熔覆块状Inconel 718合金显微组织、硬度、抗拉强度和断后伸长率的影响,构建工艺参数,显微组织与力学性能间的联系. 结果表明,激光功率和粉末供给速率分别为影响熔覆高度和宽度的主要因素;当激光功率为1600 W,扫描速度为12.5 mm/s,送粉速率为8 g/min时,由于温度梯度和冷却速度的影响,熔覆试样的微观组织致密、晶粒细小,枝晶间距适当,具有优异的抗拉强度和断后伸长率.

    Abstract:

    In order to further optimize the forming quality of the samples and prolong its service life, this paper explores the influence of process parameters on the forming quality and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 alloy repaired by laser cladding , and carries out the single track cladding experiment of Inconel 718 alloy by orthogonal design, observes the surface morphology of the single track cladding layers with different process parameters and measures its width and height. Through the extreme difference and ranking results, the influence law of process parameters on the geometry of single track cladding layers are analyzed, and the influence order of three main process parameters on the morphology of single track cladding layers are obtained, so as to obtain the optimal combination of process parameters. Then, the bulk Inconel 718 alloy samples without cracks, pores and other defects are successfully prepared by using the adjusted process parameters. The influence of laser power on the microstructure, hardness, tensile strength and elongation after fracture of the cladding bulk Inconel 718 alloy are studied, and the relationship between process parameters, microstructure and mechanical properties is constructed. The results show that laser power and powder feeding rate are the main factors affecting the cladding height and width respectively. When the laser power is 1600 W, the scanning speed is 12.5 mm/s, and the powder feeding rate is 8 g/min, due to the influence of temperature gradient and cooling rate, the microstructure of the cladding sample is compact, the grain size is fine, the dendrite spacing is appropriate, and The sample has excellent tensile strength and elongation after fracture.

  • 当材料服役于高速流体中时,流体中携带的小颗粒将以一定速度冲击材料表面,对材料表面造成破坏的现象就是冲蚀[1]. 冲蚀将造成材料使用寿命、设备工作效率的大幅降低,增加设备的维护成本,造成资源的浪费[2]. 因此研发耐冲蚀材料,并通过表面处理提高材料的耐冲蚀性能受到了广泛关注[3]. 高熵合金因具有高硬度、优异的耐蚀性耐磨性和耐腐蚀性在能源、航空航天、管道工程等领域具有很高的发展潜力[4-6]. 张冲等人[7]研究了高熵合金FeCoCr0.5NiBSix在高温气体环境中的耐冲蚀性能,发现随着Si含量的增加,高熵合金FeCoCr0.5NiBSix的硬度也随之上升,因此该系列高熵合金的抗高角度冲蚀能力也随着Si含量的增加而升高. 董世知等人[8]的研究表明,WC与Al2O3可以减少机体材料对FeAlCoCrCuTi0.4高熵合金涂层的稀释,提升涂层的硬度,从而提高涂层耐冲蚀性能. 可见通过提高高熵合金的硬度可以在一定程度上提高材料的抗冲蚀能力. 段栋伟[9]则使用激光熔覆技术在675高强钢板上分别制备了Cr3C2-25%NiCr与Fe-Cr-B-Si-C涂层,显著改善了基体的耐冲蚀性能.

    随着近年来对高熵合金研究的深入,发现高熵合金中B,Mo元素的加入可以显著提高高熵合金的硬度及耐磨性[10-14]. 但过量的Mo元素会促进金属间化合物的析出,恶化合金的性能[10, 15]. 同时,真空电弧熔炼作为制备高熵合金最为普遍的方法[16-17],该方法不但难以生产尺寸较大、形状复杂的零件,而且增加了贵金属的使用,提高了高熵合金的使用成本,这都限制了高熵合金在实际工程中的应用. 而激光熔覆过程具有高冷速的特点,可以抑制金属间化合物的产生,增加涂层材料的固溶度[18],并且涂层与基体能形成牢固的冶金结合,可以很好地发挥熔覆金属优异的性能[19-20]. 因此,文中利用激光熔覆方法在Q235表面制备了FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox熔覆层,研究了该涂层组织及抗冲蚀性能.

    使用纯度高于99.6%的Fe,Co,Cr,Ni,Mo及硼铁粉作为涂层原料,并使用ND7型行星式球磨机对粉末进行24 h小时球磨,使粉末充分均匀混合,球磨罐和磨球均为氧化铝陶瓷,磨球直径为5 ~ 20 mm. 而后使用4.5% (质量分数)聚乙烯醇水溶液作为粘结剂将混合粉末预涂覆于喷砂后Q235基板上. 熔覆前对基板与预置粉末进行200 ℃ × 3 h预热处理,排除粉末中的水分与减少熔覆过程中产生的裂纹和气孔. 如图1所示,使用GD-ECYW300型光纤传输焊接机进行FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox熔覆层的制备,激光熔覆参数如表1所示,熔覆3层,每熔覆一层后均进行喷砂处理,而后根据前文所述步骤进行预置粉末. 熔覆层成分如表2所示. 使用X-ray Pert MPD PRO X射线衍射仪测量熔覆层组织构成,靶材为Cu,使用Kα1作为入射波,激光发生器功率为3 kW,以8°/min的扫描速率对涂层在20° ~ 100°范围内进行扫描. 使用HXD-1000TMC维氏硬度计对熔覆层截面硬度进行测量,测试载荷为1.96 N,保荷时间为15 s. 使用自制冲蚀试验机进行冲蚀试验,冲蚀设备如图2所示,使用120目石英砂作为冲蚀材料,水砂比为15%,冲蚀角为90°,输出转速为560 r/min,试样的线速度为3 m/s. 每冲蚀1 h后取出试样进行清洗、称重. 使用工具显微镜观察经2,4 h冲蚀后试样表面形貌,并分析冲蚀机理.

    图  1  熔覆过程示意图
    Figure  1.  Schematic diagram of cladding process
    表  1  激光熔覆参数
    Table  1.  Cladding parameters
    激光功率P/W脉冲频率f/Hz扫描速率v/(mm·min−1)搭接率δ(%)氩气流量q/(L·min−1)
    300241405010
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格
    表  2  FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox熔覆层所用化学成分
    Table  2.  Chemical composition of FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox high-entropy alloys coating
    涂层FeCoCrNiBMo
    质量分数
    w(%)
    摩尔比
    n
    质量分数
    w(%)
    摩尔比
    n
    质量分数
    w(%)
    摩尔比
    n
    质量分数
    w(%)
    摩尔比
    n
    质量分数
    w(%)
    摩尔比
    n
    质量分数
    w(%)
    摩尔比
    n
    FeCoCrNiB0.224.5125.9122.8125.810.90.2
    FeCoCrNiB0.2Mo0.520.3121.4118.9121.310.80.217.40.5
    FeCoCrNiB0.2Mo17.3118.2116.1118.110.70.229.71
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格
    图  2  冲蚀装置简图
    Figure  2.  Diagram of erosion test device

    图3为高熵合金熔覆层形貌. 如图3a所示,熔覆层表面光洁度高,富有银白色金属光泽,无明显宏观裂纹与气孔. 图3b显示了熔覆层的截面宏观形貌,熔覆层与基板形成致密牢固的冶金结合,无裂纹、气孔等缺陷. 如图4所示,由于激光加热预置的合金粉与前道熔覆层使其熔化混合,形成熔池,并使前道熔覆层靠近熔合线位置的晶粒得到细化,同时熔池底部原熔覆层半熔化晶粒表面与熔池金属液具有相同的结构,减少了界面能,成为熔池中金属液非均匀形核有利位置. 晶核形成之后,晶粒垂直熔合线向熔池中心生长. 黄延禄等人[21]对激光熔覆过程的温度场进行了研究,发现激光熔覆过程中熔池表面金属液的凝固速度(R)最大,熔池底部的凝固速度最小,而温度梯度(G)的分布与凝固速度相反,呈底部最大,表面最小,自底部向表面递减. 但是高熵合金所含合金元素较多,近似于溶质浓度很大的合金,因此在$G/\sqrt R$很大的熔覆层底部,熔覆层晶粒以树枝晶的形式生长.

    图  3  高熵合金熔覆层形貌
    Figure  3.  Morphology of the high-entropy coating. (a) surface morphology of the cladding layer and sampling location for phase analysis; (b) macroscopic morphology of the cross-section of the cladding layer
    图  4  熔覆层组织
    Figure  4.  Microstructure of the coating

    高熵合金FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox熔覆层XRD衍射图谱及标定结果如图5所示. 从图中可以看出,FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox高熵合金熔覆层在44°,65°和81°左右产生高陡而且尖锐的特征峰. 参比标准XRD衍射卡片可以判断该系合金由BCC单相固溶体组成. 由于在XRD图谱中没有发现与硼化物(M3B)对应的衍射峰出现,可以判断合金涂层中的B元素完全以间隙原子或置换原子的形式固溶在合金中,并没有以硼化物形式析出.

    图  5  高熵合金FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox (x = 0, 0.5, 1) XRD衍射图谱
    Figure  5.  X-ray diffraction patterns of the FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox (x = 0, 0.5, 1). (a) X-ray diffraction pattern of the coatings; (b) partial enlarged view of main peak of X-ray diffraction pattern

    由于试样中晶格畸变存在,会导致XRD峰型宽化,并且试样中晶格畸变与Bragg衍射角与峰型宽度可以用式(1)表示,即

    $$\varepsilon = \frac{{\Delta \beta }}{{229.2 {\rm{tan}}\theta }}$$ (1)

    式中:ε为晶格畸变;Δβ为添加不同含量Mo元素后积分宽度变化;θ为Bragg衍射角. β的计算,先用Voigt型函数拟合XRD峰型,并计算峰型半高宽(2${\omega _{\rm{V}}}$)与积分宽度$\;{\beta _{\rm{V}}}$,而后根据经验式(2)计算所得[22],即

    $$\frac{\beta }{{{\beta _{\rm{V}}}}} = {{{b}}_0} + {{{b}}_{0.5}}\sqrt {\left( {\varphi - \frac{2}{{\text{π}} }} \right)} + {{{b}}_1}\varphi + {{{b}}_2}{\varphi ^2}$$ (2)

    式中:b0 = 0.640 2;b0.5 = 1.418 7;b1 =−2.204 3;b2 = 1.870 6;φ = ${{2{\omega _{\rm{V}}}} / {{\beta _{\rm{V}}}}}$.

    $$\Delta \beta = \sqrt {\left( {{\beta _0}^2 - {\beta _x}^2} \right)} $$ (3)

    式中:β0为不含Mo元素试样的积分宽度;βx为Mo元素摩尔比分别为x (x = 0.5,1)时的熔覆层的积分宽度.

    表3显示了3种熔覆层的平均晶格畸变量. 由表3可以看出,加入Mo元素后,衍射峰均向小角度侧发生偏移,并且晶格畸变程度增加. 这表明大半径Mo原子(原子半径为139 pm)以置换固溶体的形式进入到原有晶胞中,替代了原子半径较小的Fe,Co,Cr和Ni原子(原子半径分别为126,125,128和124 pm)的节点位置,使周围原子受到挤压,导致原子排列更加紧密,晶面间距变大,呈现膨胀畸变特征. 同时,由表3还可以看出低指数晶面(1 1 0)发生晶格畸变的程度小于高指数晶面(2 1 1). 随着Mo元素含量的增加,被置换的晶格节点增多,晶格畸变也更加严重.

    表  3  高熵合金FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox熔覆层衍射峰特征参数与晶格畸变
    Table  3.  Diffraction peak characteristic parameters and lattice distortion of FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox coating
    试样衍射峰特征参数(1 1 0)(2 1 1)
    FeCoCrNiB0.22θ44.5782.05
    2ωV0.524 750.841 14
    βV0.524 750.841 14
    2ωV/βV11
    β00.857 0721.059 625
    FeCoCrNiB0.2Mo0.52θ44.4681.99
    2ωV0.5281.049 48
    βV0.515 780.873 73
    2ωV/βV1.023 6921.201 149
    β0.50.916 2431.676 132
    ε0.003 4490.006 513
    FeCoCrNiB0.2Mo2θ44.3381.80
    2ωV0.615 051.197 99
    βV0.561 970.838 05
    2ωV/βV1.094 4531.429 497
    β11.147 5292.470 984
    ε0.008 1240.011 195
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    3种熔覆层的显微硬度测试结果如图6所示,FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox的硬度均在600 HV0.2以上,明显高于基体硬度,并且合金涂层的硬度随着Mo元素含量的增加而上升. 这是因为FeCoCrNiB0.2的合金元素种类多,晶格畸变剧烈[23-24],严重阻碍了合金中位错的运动,固溶强化效果显著,使得该高熵合金涂层具有较高硬度. 同时由于多层激光熔覆过程中,后道熔覆层对前道熔覆层的再热作用,细化了后道熔覆层的组织,使得熔覆层中心的硬度略高于熔覆层表面硬度. 由表3图6还可以推断,加入Mo元素之后,加剧了熔覆层的晶格畸变程度,从而提高了熔覆层硬度.

    图  6  高熵合金FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox熔覆层维氏硬度
    Figure  6.  Hardness of the FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox coatings

    FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox熔覆层经4 h冲蚀后质量变化及拟合后曲线如图7所示. 由图7可得,经4 h冲蚀后高熵合金FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox熔覆层质量的变化均在毫克级别,质量变化仅占整个试样重量的万分之几,变化极小,这得益于FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox熔覆层极高的硬度. 图7直观地表明,当向高熵合金FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox中加入摩尔比分别为0,0.5,1的Mo元素时,对应试样的冲蚀失重速率(单位时间内的冲蚀失重)分别为2.25 × 10−4,7.5 × 10−5和2.41 × 10−5 g/h. 这表明了高熵合金FeCoCrNiB0.2熔覆层单位时间因冲蚀产生的失重最多,FeCoCrNiB0.2Mo0.5次之,FeCoCrNiB0.2Mo最少. 产生这种现象的原因是由于拥有较大原子半径的Mo元素加入后,挤压周围原子,增加了原有合金熔覆层组织的晶格畸变,对位错运动的阻碍增加,使其抵抗局部变形的能力上升,减小了随液态介质高速运动的硬质颗粒对材料的切削和锻压挤压作用,从而提升了熔覆层抗冲蚀性能.

    图  7  高熵合金FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox (x = 0, 0.5, 1)熔覆层冲蚀后的质量
    Figure  7.  Quality of the high-entropy alloy FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox (x = 0, 0.5, 1) after erosion

    高熵合金FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox熔覆层经不同时间冲蚀试验后的形貌如图8所示. 由图8a中可以清楚地看出,FeCoCrNiB0.2熔覆层冲蚀破坏处呈现出明显的被切削后留下的划痕,划痕周围存在一定凸起,说明当随流体运动的带有尖锐棱角的硬质颗粒以一定速度冲击材料表面时,尖锐的棱角首先被压入熔覆层,由于砂砾做圆周运动,砂砾所受合外力并不足以提供向心力,受力过程如图9所示. 砂砾向远离转轴中心方向运动,划过材料表面,材料尚具有一定的塑性,被切削后的熔覆层材料部分未脱落,被挤到划痕两侧,留下切削过的划痕. 可以推断出FeCoCrNiB0.2熔覆层塑性较好.

    图  8  冲蚀后高熵合金FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox表面形貌
    Figure  8.  Microscopic morphology of high-entropy FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox after erosion test. (a) FeCoCrNiB0.2 after 2 h of erosion test; (b) FeCoCrNiB0.2 after 4 h of erosion test; (c) FeCoCrNiB0.2Mo0.5 after 2 h of erosion test; (d) FeCoCrNiB0.2Mo0.5 after 4 h of erosion test;(e) FeCoCrNiB0.2Mo after 2 h of erosion test; (f) FeCoCrNiB0.2Mo after 4 h of erosion test
    图  9  冲蚀过程示意图
    Figure  9.  Schematic diagram of erosion

    图8c可以发现,部分蚀坑周围存在一圈均匀分布的凸起,这说明随流体运动的硬质颗粒接触到FeCoCrNiB0.2Mo0.5熔覆层表面后,首先被压入材料表面,挤压材料表面并留下一个凸出材料的挤压唇. 如图8d所示,经过4 h冲蚀后,FeCoCrNiB0.2Mo0.5熔覆涂层上的蚀坑不但在原有挤压唇的基础上不断扩展,同时也产生了被粒子切削过的犁沟. 随着Mo元素含量的增加,熔覆层材料硬度得到提高,熔覆层抵抗局部变形的能力上升,因而在图8e中,FeCoCrNiB0.2Mo熔覆层上,切削痕迹较浅,蚀坑较小,且未观察到挤压唇的存在. 而在图8f中,FeCoCrNiB0.2Mo熔覆层的蚀坑两侧也发现了材料表面被冲蚀颗粒切削过的犁沟状唇片,这意味着FeCoCrNiB0.2Mo熔覆层在发生冲蚀破坏的过程中也发生了一定程度的塑性变形,即当加入Mo元素摩尔比为1时,高熵合金FeCoCrNiB0.2Mo熔覆层仍具备较好的塑性,冲蚀破坏仍以粒子的微切削作用和锻压挤压为主.

    (1)高熵合金FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox熔覆层均由BCC固溶体组成,且B元素能完全固溶到合金中,无第二相存在. 随着Mo元素含量的增加,X射线衍射峰向小角度侧偏移,积分宽度变大,说明Mo元素的加入增加了涂层的晶格畸变.

    (2)高熵合金FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox熔覆层硬度可以达到600 HV0.2以上,远高于基体,并与Mo元素加入量呈正相关.

    (3)高熵合金FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox熔覆层随着Mo元素含量的增加,冲蚀失重速率下降,冲蚀破坏机制以塑性微切削和塑性锻压挤压为主.

  • 图  1   Inconel 718球形粉末形态

    Figure  1.   The spherical powder morphology of Inconel 718

    图  2   激光增材修复过程示意图

    Figure  2.   Schematic diagram of laser additive repairing process

    图  3   拉伸试样尺寸示意图(mm)

    Figure  3.   Schematic diagram of tensile specimen sizes

    图  4   表面形貌

    Figure  4.   The surface morphology

    图  5   单道横截面宏观形貌图

    Figure  5.   The macromorphology of single track cross section

    图  6   工艺参数对熔覆宽度的影响

    Figure  6.   The influence of process parameters on cladding width. (a) response of three factors to average width; (b) influence of laser power as main factor on cladding width

    图  7   工艺参数对熔覆高度的影响

    Figure  7.   The influence of process parameters on cladding height. (a) response of three factor to average height; (b) influence of powder feeding rates as main factor on cladding height

    图  8   不同激光功率下的表面形貌

    Figure  8.   The surface morphology under different laser power. (a) P = 1400 W; (b) P = 1600 W; (c) P = 1800 W

    图  9   不同激光功率下横截面显微组织

    Figure  9.   The cross-sectional microstructure under different laser power. (a) P = 1400 W; (b) P = 1600 W; (c) P = 1800 W

    图  10   不同激光功率下试样的枝晶形态

    Figure  10.   The dendritic morphology of samples under different laser power. (a) P = 1400 W; (b) P = 1600 W; (c) P = 1800 W

    图  11   不同激光功率下成形试样XRD分析结果

    Figure  11.   XRD analysis results of formed samples under different laser power

    图  12   试样横截面显微硬度分布

    Figure  12.   Microhardness distribution of samples cross section

    图  13   不同激光功率下试样的工程应力应变曲线

    Figure  13.   The engineering stress-strain curves of samples under different laser power

    图  14   不同激光功率下的断口形貌

    Figure  14.   The fracture morphology of samples under different laser power. (a) P = 1400 W; (b) P = 1600 W; (c) P = 1800 W

    表  1   Inconel 718球形粉末化学成分

    Table  1   The chemical composition of Inconel 718 spherical powder

    FeCrMoCAlNbTiNi
    17.9218.412.913.650.535.521.0450.02
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   三水平三因素单道激光增材修复正交试验参数

    Table  2   Orthogonal experimental parameters of three-level three-factor single-track laser additive repairing

    水平因素
    激光功率
    P/W
    扫描速度
    vs /(mm·s−1)
    粉末供给速率
    vf /(g·min−1)
    1140010.06
    2160012.58
    3180015.010
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   块状试样工艺参数

    Table  3   The process parameters of bulk sample

    序号激光功率
    P/W
    扫描速度
    vs /(mm·s−1)
    粉末供给速率
    vf /(g·min−1)
    1140012.58
    2160012.58
    3180012.58
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4   正交试验设计

    Table  4   The design orthogonal experiment

    序号激光功率
    P/W
    扫描速度
    vs/(mm·s−1)
    粉末供给速率
    vf/(g·min−1)
    11400.00010.0006.000
    21400.00012.50010.000
    31400.00015.0008.000
    41600.00010.00010.000
    51600.00012.5008.000
    61600.00015.0006.000
    71800.00010.0008.000
    81800.00012.5006.000
    91800.00015.00010.000
    Rw203.19683.82587.216
    rw1.0003.0002.000
    Rh104.281138.461311.111
    rh3.0002.0001.000
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5   不同工艺参数下单道形状尺寸

    Table  5   The shape of single track under different process parameters

    序号宽度w/μm高度h/μm宽高比 ƞ
    12073.419369.2315.615
    22221.105687.1793.232
    32307.971487.1794.737
    42463.269861.5382.859
    52333.790569.2544.100
    62261.823384.6155.880
    72462.906584.6154.213
    82507.776389.7446.434
    92241.401528.2054.243
    Rw203.19683.82587.216
    rw1.0003.0002.000
    Rh104.281138.461311.111
    rh3.0002.0001.000
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6   Inconel 718合金试样拉伸性能数据

    Table  6   Tensile propertiy data of Inconel 718 alloy samples

    激光功率P/W抗拉强度 Rm/MPa断后伸长率A(%)
    1400862.5027.500
    1600898.7528.125
    1800881.2527.125
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-03-13
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-03-27
  • 刊出日期:  2024-06-24

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