Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Cu alloy fabricated by heterogeneous twin-wire indirect arc additive manufacturing
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摘要: 提出了一种新型异质双丝间接电弧增材制造(TWIA-AM)方法，同步送进ER2319和ER5356两种焊丝，制备了Al-3.5Mg-1.7Cu合金试样，并对沉积的Al-3.5Mg-1.7Cu铝合金试样的组织和力学性能进行了研究. 结果表明，Al-3.5Mg-1.7Cu合金试样第二相主要由Al，Mg和Cu元素组成，为α-Al相和S相(Al2CuMg)，晶粒形态在层间区域呈现粗大的柱状晶，层中心区域为等轴晶和细小的胞状晶组成；试样平均硬度为73.7 HV，存在周期性低硬度区. 试样平行增材方向(BD方向)、垂直于增材方向的平均抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别为225，235 MPa和9.0%，13.0%，力学性能表现为各向异性，观察断口形貌呈现典型的韧性断裂特征.
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关键词:
- 双丝间接电弧 /
- 增材制造 /
- Al-Mg-Cu合金 /
- 微观组织 /
- 力学性能
Abstract: A new heterogeneous twin-wire indirect arc additive manufacturing (TWIA-AM) method was proposed. The ER2319 wire and ER5356 wire were fed synchronously and Al-3.5Mg-1.7Cu alloy components were prepared. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the deposited Al-3.5Mg-1.7Cu alloy components were investigated. The results showed that the second phase composition of Al-3.5Mg-1.7Cu alloy was mainly Al, Mg and Cu, and consisted of α-Al and S (Al2CuMg) phases. The grain morphology appeared as coarse columnar crystals at interlayer regions, and the center area of the layer is composed of equiaxed crystals and fine cellular crystals, and the layer center region was composed of equiaxed crystals and fine cellular crystals. The average micro-hardness of the sample is 73.7 HV with a periodic low hardness zone. The average tensile strength and elongation of the samples parallel to the building direction (BD direction) and perpendicular to the BD direction were 225, 235 MPa, 9.0% and 13.0%, respectively, exhibiting anisotropic mechanical properties. The fracture morphology exhibited the characteristics of typical plastic fracture. -
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图 1 双丝间接电弧增材制造系统示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of double wire indirect arc additive manufacturing system
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图 2 试样取样位置和拉伸试样尺寸示意图(mm)
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of specimen sampling location and tensile specimen dimensions. (a) schematic diagram of multi-layer sampling locations； (b) size diagram of tensile specimen
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图 3 Al-Mg-Cu合金试样的显微组织
Figure 3. Microstructure of Al-Mg-Cu alloy samples. (a) cross section of sample；(b) interlayer structure in the middle; (c) interlayer structure at the edge; (d) layer center structure
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图 6 TWIA-AMed Al-Mg-Cu合金EDS面扫描结果
Figure 6. EDS plane scanning results of TWIA-AMed Al-Mg-Cu alloy. (a) scanning position diagram； (b) Mg element distribution；(c) Al element distribution； (d) Cu element distribution
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图 7 TWIA-AMed Al-Cu-Mg合金的SEM图
Figure 7. SEM images of TWIA-AMed Al-Cu-Mg alloys. (a) SEM test results; (b) high magnification SEM results; (c) partially enlarged of M Zone
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图 9 不同方向Al-Mg-Cu合金试样的抗拉强度和断后伸长率
Figure 9. Tensile strength and elongation of Al-Mg-Cu alloy samples in different directions
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图 10 Al-Mg-Cu合金断口形貌特征
Figure 10. Fracture morphology of Al-Mg-Cu alloy. (a) perpendicular to the BD direction; (b) parallel to the BD direction
表 1 基板和焊丝的化学成分(质量分数，%)
Table 1 Chemical compositions of substrate and welding wire
材料 Mg Cu Zn Mn Si Ti Fe Al 5083 4.0 0.10 0.25 0.40 0.40 0.15 0.20 余量 ER2319 0.20 6.30 0.05 0.30 0.10 0.15 0.10 余量 ER5356 4.50 0.05 0.05 0.13 0.15 0.13 0.20 余量 
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表 2 Al-Mg-Cu合金直壁墙增材制造工艺参数
Table 2 Process parameters of straight wall additive manufacturing of Al-Mg-Cu alloy
焊丝 极性 电流I /A 气体流速Q/ (L˙min−1) 焊丝伸出长度ls /mm 送丝速度vs / (m˙min−1) 焊丝端部与基板的距离la /mm ER2319 阳极 200 20 10 5.20 20 ER5356 阴极 200 20 10 14.30 20
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表 3 TWIA-AMed Al-Cu-Mg合金的EDS结果(原子分数，%)
Table 3 EDS results of TWIA-AMed Al-Cu-Mg alloys
位置 Al Mg Cu A 96.37 3.37 0.26 B 74.28 13.77 11.95 C 85.70 8.57 5.73
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