6005A-T6铝合金双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头疲劳性能分析

张欣盟; 高士康; 李高辉; 张海峰; 周利; 王苹

doi:10.12073/j.hjxb.20221119001

6005A-T6铝合金双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头疲劳性能分析

张欣盟^1,,
高士康^{2, 3},
李高辉²,
张海峰³,
周利^{2, 3, ,},
王苹⁴

1.
中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司, 长春, 130062
2.
哈尔滨工业大学，先进焊接与连接国家重点实验室, 哈尔滨, 150001
3.
哈尔滨工业大学(威海)，山东省特种焊接技术重点实验室, 威海, 264209
4.
哈尔滨工业大学(威海), 威海, 264209

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51974100）；铝合金车本侧墙搅拌摩擦焊焊接接头优化设计研究开发项目

详细信息

作者简介:
张欣盟，博士；主要研究方向为轨道车辆焊接、搅拌摩擦焊；Email: xinmengzhang@163.com

通讯作者:
周利，博士，副教授；Email: zhouli@hitwh.edu.cn

中图分类号: TG 457.14
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-18
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-24
- 刊出日期: 2023-09-24

Study on the fatigue performance of bobbin tool friction stir welding of 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy

ZHANG Xinmeng^1,,
GAO Shikang^{2, 3},
LI Gaohui²,
ZHANG Haifeng³,
ZHOU Li^{2, 3, ,},
WANG Ping⁴

1.
CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co. LTD, Changchun, 130062, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
3.
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Welding Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, 264209, China
4.
Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, 264209, China

摘要

摘要: 通过对3.3 mm厚6005A-T6铝合金型材双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头进行疲劳试验，分析型材平行段宽度及厚度对试件疲劳性能的影响；并结合典型参数下焊接接头的宏观成形及其微观组织演变，揭示型材双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头的断裂行为. 结果表明，典型参数下(转速1 000 r/min、焊接速度100 mm/min、平行段宽度和厚度分别为11.8 mm和3.1 mm)接头的拉伸断裂位置位于后退侧热影响区；型材接头前进侧热力影响区晶粒组织的特征会影响型材疲劳裂纹产生与开动；疲劳断口扫描分析显示断口无明显缺陷，试件疲劳条带的扩展区和瞬断区具有典型的疲劳断裂特征，断裂发生在前进侧热影响区位置.
- 搅拌摩擦焊 /
- 6005铝合金型材接头 /
- 疲劳裂纹扩展
Abstract: The fatigue tests of bobbin tool friction stir welding profile joints of 3.3 mm thick 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy with different dimensions were carried out to analyze the fatigue performance of the joints. Combined with the macroscopic forming and microstructure evolution of the joint under typical parameters, the fracture behavior of the bobbin tool friction stir welded joint was revealed. The results showed that the tensile fracture of the joint under typical parameters (rotation speed of 1 000 r/min, welding speed of 100 mm/min, width and thickness of parallel section of 11.8 mm and 3.1 mm) was located in the HAZ-RS. The grain structure characteristics in the TMAZ-AS of the joint could influence the fatigue cracks generation and propagation. The SEM analysis of fatigue fracture showed that no obvious defects were found. The fatigue cracks propagation and fracture zones showed typical fatigue fracture characteristics, and the fracture was located in the TMAZ-AS of the joint
- friction stir welding /
- 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy profile joint /
- fatigue crack growth

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图 1 BT-FSW接头宏观形貌

Figure 1. Surface appearance for the BT-FSW joint. (a) points-based view; (b) top view

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图 2 BT-FSW接头各区域晶粒组织

Figure 2. Typical optical microstructure of BT-FSW joint. (a) joint cross section; (b) BM; (c) HAZ; (d) TMAZ; (e) WNZ

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图 3 接头显微硬度分布

Figure 3. Microhardness distribution of BTFSW joint

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图 4 拉伸试样断裂路径

Figure 4. Optical micrograph of tensile fracture path

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图 5 接头拉伸断口SEM形貌

Figure 5. Tensile fracture characteristics. (a) lower-magnification on the left side; (b) lower-magnification on the right side; (c) higher-magnifi cation on area A; (d) higher-magnification on area A; (e) lower-magnification on area B; (f) area C

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图 6 疲劳试样断裂路径

Figure 6. Optical micrograph of fatigue fracture path

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图 7 接头疲劳断口SEM形貌

Figure 7. Fatigue fracture characteristics. (a) lower-magnification on the left side; (b) lower-magnification on the right side; (c) lower-magnification on area A; (d) higher-magnification on area A; (e) on lower-magnification on area B; (f) on area C

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表 1 6005A-T6铝合金化学成分(质量分数，%)

Table 1 Chemical compositions of 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy

Mg	Si	Mn	Cu	Fe	Al
0.4 ~ 0.7	0.5 ~ 0.9	0.5	0.3	0.35	余量

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表 2 6005A-T6铝合金力学性能

Table 2 Mechanical properties of 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy

显微硬度H(HV)	抗拉强度R_m/MPa	断后伸长率A(%)
95 ~ 100	294	6.2

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表 3 6005A-T6双轴肩FSW试样疲劳试验

Table 3 Fatigue results of BT-FSW for 6005 aluminum alloy

编号	平行段宽度 W/mm	平行段厚度 T/mm	最大应力 τ_max/MPa	最小应力 τ_min /MPa	平均载荷 F/kN	疲劳寿命 N(周次)	断裂位置
S16(B15)	11.80	3.00	130.00	13.00	2.5311	7498656	TMAZ-AS
S19(A8)	11.80	3.10	125.00	12.50	2.514875	1054000	TMAZ-AS
S7(B7)	11.80	3.10	120.00	12.00	2.39382	17559418	√(通过)
S1(B11)	11.80	3.10	130.00	13.00	2.62647	13681376	√
S2(A11)	11.80	3.14	140.00	14.00	2.853004	418859	立筋型材熔合
S17(A5)	11.80	3.20	125.00	12.50	2.596	12582675	√
S15(B13)	11.80	3.20	135.00	13.50	2.80368	532253	立筋型材熔合口
S11(B9)	11.70	3.30	125.00	12.50	2.6544375	12106171	√
S20(A9)	11.70	3.20	120.00	12.00	2.47104	12 217 000	√
S26(A14)	11.70	3.10	125.00	12.50	2.4935625	13735625	√
S26(A14)	11.70	3.10	130.00	13.00	2.59325	500000	TMAZ-AS
S21(A10)	11.70	3.10	150.00	15.00	2.992275	658814	TMAZ-AS
S25(A13)	11.78	3.10	160.00	16.00	3.213584	173060	立筋型材熔合

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