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时效时间对SP2215同种钢焊接接头微观组织和力学性能的影响

Effect of aging time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the SP2215 steel welded joint

  • 摘要: 采用手工钨极氩弧焊(manual-gas tungsten arc welding, M-GTAW)和ERNiCr-3焊丝制备了SP2215小径管焊接接头,分析了650 ℃时效不同时间后接头的微观组织、力学性能及拉伸断裂机理. 结果表明:焊态下SP2215母材组织由奥氏体和少量孪晶及一次NbN和Z相组成,焊缝金属以完全奥氏体组织凝固形成柱状晶,Nb元素在枝晶间偏析并形成呈链状分布的一次NbC相;时效50 h后SP2215母材奥氏体晶界处开始析出M23C6,并随时效时间延长逐渐粗化,同时焊缝枝晶间逐渐析出NbC相,并随时效时间延长逐渐形成团簇状;母材和焊缝显微硬度均随时效时间延长而升高,均在时效500 h时达到最大值且母材硬度始终高于焊缝硬度;不同时效时间接头室温拉伸时均以韧性方式在焊缝处断裂,但起裂位置和断裂方向随时效时间的延长发生改变,时效0 ~ 114 h时以横向拉断柱状晶的方式断裂,起裂位置为枝晶间一次NbC粒子,时效时间为500 ~ 2012 h时以平行于柱状晶方向断裂,起裂位置为枝晶核心;650 ℃高温拉伸时接头断裂位置随时效时间延长逐渐从焊缝向SP2215侧转变,时效0 ~ 114 h时以韧性方式在焊缝处断裂,时效2012 h时以准解理方式在SP2215侧断裂.

     

    Abstract: SP2215 tube welded joints (WJ) were prepared by manual gas tungsten arc welding (M-GTAW) and ERNiCr-3 welding wire. The microstructure, mechanical properties and tensile fracture mechanism of the WJ after aging for different times at 650 ℃ were studied. The results show that the microstructure of SP2215 base metal (BM) is composed of austenite, a small amount of twins and primary NbN and Z phase in the as-welded condition, the weld metal (WM) was solidified into columnar dendrite with a completely austenitic structure, and Nb element was segregated between the dendrites and forms the NbC phase, which was distributed in a chain shape. After aging at 650 ℃ for 50 h, M23C6 began to precipitate at the austenite grain boundary of SP2215 BM and gradually coarsened with the extension of aging time, at the same time NbC phase gradually precipitated between dendrites and gradually formed into a cluster shape with the increase of aging time. The microhardness of BM and WM increases with the increasing of aging time, and reaches the maximum value at 500 h. The hardness of BM is always higher than that of WM. All the WJ with different aging time were fractured at the weld seam in a ductile manner at room temperature tensile test, however the fracture initiation position and fracture direction changed with the extension of aging time. When the aging time was 0-114 h, the fracture direction was transverse to the columnar dendrite direction, and the crack initiation position was the primary NbC particles between dendrites. When the aging time was 500-2012 h, the fracture direction was parallel to the columnar dendrite direction, and the crack initiation position is the dendritic core. The fracture position of the WJ changed from the weld seam to the SP2215 side with the increase of aging time at high temperature tensile test at 650 ℃. The WJ aging for 0-114 h fractured at the weld seam in a ductile manner, however the WJ aging for 2012 h fractured at the SP2215 side in a quasi-cleavage manner.

     

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