镍基焊接材料熔滴特性及焊态熔敷金属与低温钢力学性能匹配

李晓泉; 陈吉兴; 陈峰; 张旭; 韩玉君; 杨宗辉

doi:10.12073/j.hjxb.20220905002

镍基焊接材料熔滴特性及焊态熔敷金属与低温钢力学性能匹配

南京工程学院, 南京, 211167

基金项目: 江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20201036)；江苏省重点研发资助项目(BE2017168).

详细信息

作者简介:
李晓泉，博士，教授；主要研究方向为焊接冶金理论及焊接自动化；Email：lixq@njit.edu.cn

中图分类号: TG 456
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- 文章访问数: 166
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-04
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-19
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-30

Droplet transfer characteristics and mechanical properties of deposited metal as welded matching with cryogenic temperature steel for nickel based consumables

Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167, China

摘要

摘要: 以真空冶炼 + 电渣重熔二步法制取镍合金焊芯，设计高碱度药皮形成复层梯度型熔渣，并研制出ENiCrMo-6深冷镍合金专用焊条. 对研制焊条熔敷金属和采用ENiCrMo-6型异质材料焊接9Ni钢接头的力学性能进行试验. 借助Acuteye高速摄像技术研究熔滴过渡及熔池流动特性，采用JSM-6360LV型扫描电子显微镜分析复层熔渣结构. 对焊缝和热影响区进行观察和分析以从不同角度探讨低温断裂行为. 结果表明，针对液态镍合金熔滴过渡颗粒粗大、流动性差、焊缝成形困难问题，通过药皮设计形成复层梯度型熔渣可有效解决焊缝成形. 焊缝组织中，抑制奥氏体柱状晶粗化、减小超低温条件下的塑性损伤是保证低温韧性的重要条件. 采用ENiCrMo-6型焊条焊接9Ni钢，其焊态热影响区过热对板条马氏体和逆变奥氏体相的影响并不显著. 通常情况下，焊接加热不致严重降低过热区中板条马氏体间残留逆变奥氏体相，从而对过热薄弱区低温韧性具有组织保证作用.
- 镍合金焊条 /
- 低温焊接 /
- 熔滴过渡 /
- 低温断裂 /
- 力学性能
Abstract: The ENiCrMo-6 electrode for cryogenic temperature application was developed which was made of nickel alloy core wires obtained by duplex refining of vacuum melting and electroslag remelting, and specially designed coatings with high basicity allowing the formation of gradient composite slag. Mechanical property tests were carried out on the deposited metal and the welding joint of 9Ni steel welded by ENiCrMo-6 electrode. With the aid of Acuteye high speed photograph technology, the characteristics of the droplet transfer and the molten metal flow have been studied, and the microstructure of the composite slag layer has been observed by JSM-6360LV scanning electron microscope. The weld and heat affected zone are observed and analyzed to investigate the low-temperature fracture behavior from different perspectives. The results show that large shaped molten droplets of nickel alloy and the poor fluidity result in difficulties in weld formation, while special designed coatings is an effective solution, which allows the formation of a gradient composite slag layer to accelerate the forming of weld. To ensure joint ductility in cryogenic conditions, it is critical to avoid the coarsening of austenite columnar grains and reduce the ductility loss in weld metal as welded. The experiment results has proved that when welding 9Ni steel with ENiCrMo-6 electrode, the effect of overheat on lath martensite or reversed austenite in the as-welded heat affect zone is insignificant. Generally, overheat will not largely reduce the number of reversed austenite or retained austenite within the lath martensites, which guaranteed the ductility of joint under cryogenic condition.
- nickel-alloy electrode /
- cryogenic welding /
- droplet transfer /
- cryogenic fracture /
- mechanical properties

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图 1 镍合金熔滴过渡高速摄影照片

Figure 1. High speed photographs of droplet transfer for nickel alloy. (a) droplet growth；(b) droplet staying; (c) droplet separating; (d) droplet transferring; (e) droplet falling into weld pool

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图 2 熔渣润湿铺展镍合金熔池高速摄像照片

Figure 2. High speed photographs of molten slag wetting and spreading on nickel alloyed metal pool. (a) traditional molten slag 1；(b)traditional molten slag 2; (c) double gradient molten slag 1; (d) double gradient molten slag 2

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图 3 复层梯度型熔渣辅助镍合金焊缝形貌

Figure 3. Double gradient molten slag assisted nickle base alloyed weld morphology. (a) double gradient molten slag covering on weld; (b) nickel base alloyed weld

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图 4 渣壳断面 SEM 照片

Figure 4. SEM image of slag cross section

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图 5 造渣相 XRD 图谱

Figure 5. XRD patterns of slag phases

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图 6 试样的微观组织和断口形貌

Figure 6. Microstructure and fracture morphology of specimens. (a) deposited metal of nickle alloy; (b) heat affected zone of joint; (c) tensile fracture of deposited metal; (d) impact fracture of deposited metal

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图 7 焊接接头TEM照片

Figure 7. TEM photographs of welded joint. (a) film transmission photograph of over heating zone; (b) film transmission photograph of weld metal

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图 8 熔合区薄膜透射及相结构衍射花样照片

Figure 8. Film transmission photograph of fusion zone with diffraction pattern for phase structure

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表 1 ENiCrMo-6焊条焊芯化学成分(质量分数，%)

Table 1 Chemical compositions of core wire for ENiCrMo-6 electrode

C	Mn	Si	Cr	Ni	Mo	Fe	W	Cu	Nb + Ta	S	P
≤0.015	2.5 ~ 4.5	≤0.5	14.0 ~ 18.0	≥60	6.0 ~ 9.5	1.0 ~ 4.0	1.2 ~ 2.0	≤0.50	1.0 ~ 2.0	≤0.010	≤0.015

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表 2 ENiCrMo-6焊条药皮配方组成(质量分数，%)

Table 2 Coating compositions of ENiCrMo-6 electrode

大理石	碳酸钡	萤石	氟化钡	钛酸钾	长石	金红石	金属合金
25 ~ 45	5 ~ 10	15 ~ 30	4 ~ 10	2 ~ 6	4 ~ 10	3 ~ 7	4 ~ 12

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表 3 熔敷金属力学性能试验结果

Table 3 Mechanical properties results of deposited metal

项目	屈服强度 R_p0.2 /MPa	抗拉强度 R_m /MPa	断后伸长率 A(%)	冲击吸收能量 (−196 ℃)A_KV2/J
要求值	≥410	≥620	≥27	≥47
实测值	458	702	45.5	123

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表 4 9Ni钢接头的力学性能试验结果

Table 4 Mechanical properties results of 9Ni steel joint

项目	抗拉强度 R_m /MPa	面弯/背弯 (α = 180°)	熔合区冲击吸收能量 (−196 ℃)A_KV2/J	射线探伤
要求值	≥620	无裂纹	≥47	Ⅰ级
实测值	728	试样无开口缺陷	127	Ⅰ级

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