钛合金/铜-镍/不锈钢焊接接头的组织与性能

常敬欢; 余刚; 曹睿; 闫英杰; 隋然; 席筱蓓

doi:10.12073/j.hjxb.20220820002

钛合金/铜-镍/不锈钢焊接接头的组织与性能

常敬欢^{1, 2,},
余刚³,
曹睿^4, ,,
闫英杰⁴,
隋然¹,
席筱蓓¹

1.
兰州工业学院, 兰州, 730050
2.
华东理工大学, 上海, 200237
3.
江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司, 南昌, 330096
4.
兰州理工大学, 兰州, 730050

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52175325，51961024)；甘肃省教育厅青年博士基金资助项目(2022QB-187)；甘肃省高校科研资助项目(2021KJ-02)；甘肃省教育厅创新基金资助项目(2021B-308)；省级大创项目资助项目(S202211807002).

详细信息

作者简介:
常敬欢，博士，讲师；主要研究方向为异种金属焊接性和腐蚀性；Email: changjh@lzit.edu.cn

通讯作者:
曹睿，博士，教授，博士研究生导师；Email: caorui@lut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TG 442
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-19
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-18
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-30

Microstructure and properties of titanium alloy/copper-nickel/stainless steel welded joints

1.
Lanzhou Institute of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
2.
East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
3.
Jiangxi Hongdu Aviation Industry Group Company Ltd., Nanchang, 330096, China
4.
Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China

摘要

摘要: 采用铜-镍复合填充金属进行了钛合金和不锈钢的冷金属过渡焊接，借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪研究铜-镍复合填充金属对钛合金/不锈钢焊接接头微观组织和力学性能的影响. 结果表明，添加铜-镍复合填充金属后得到了无焊接缺陷的钛合金/不锈钢焊接接头. 接头中形成了硬度相对Ti-Fe，Ti-Cu金属间化合物较低的Ti-Ni金属间化合物，改善了钛合金/不锈钢焊接接头的拉伸性能. 当焊接电流为182 A时，钛合金/不锈钢接头的拉剪强度最大为348 MPa. 钛合金/不锈钢接头由不锈钢-焊缝金属界面、不锈钢-纯镍-钛合金界面、钛合金-焊缝金属界面和焊缝金属组成，接头中形成了Ti-Cu，Ti-Ni，Al-Cu-Ti和Al-Ni-Ti-Fe-Cu金属间化合物.随着焊接电流的增大，钛合金侧界面反应层的显微硬度逐渐增大，且反应层的宽度也逐渐变宽.
- 冷金属过渡焊 /
- 钛合金/不锈钢焊接接头 /
- 铜-镍复合填充金属 /
- 拉剪强度
Abstract: Cold metal transfer welding of titanium alloy and stainless steel was carried out using copper-nickel composite filler metal. The effects of copper-nickel composite filler metal on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint were investigated by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer. The results show that defect-free welded joint was obtained, and Ti-Ni intermetallic compound was formed in the joint. As the hardness of the Ti-Ni intermetallic compound is lower than that of the Ti-Fe and Ti-Cu intermetallic compounds, the tensile property of the joint was improved. When the welding current was set at 182 A, the maximum tensile and shear strength of the joint was achieved at 348 MPa. The titanium alloy/stainless steel joint was composed of stainless steel-weld metal interface, stainless steel-pure nickel-titanium alloy interface, titanium alloy-weld metal interface and weld metal, and Ti-Cu, Ti-Ni, Al-Cu-Ti and Al-Ni-Ti-Fe-Cu intermetallic compounds were formed in the joint. With the increase of welding current, there was a gradual growth in the microhardness and the width of the interface reaction layer on the titanium alloy side.
- cold metal transfer welding /
- titanium alloy/stainless steel welded joint /
- copper-nickel composite filler metal /
- tensile and shear strength

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图 1 冷金属过渡焊接示意图(mm)

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of CMT welding

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图 2 TC4/Cu-Ni/304接头的横截面形貌

Figure 2. Cross section morphology of TC4/Cu-Ni/304 joint

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图 3 TC4/Cu-Ni/304接头不锈钢侧界面的微观组织

Figure 3. Microstructure of interface at the stainless steel side of TC4/Cu-Ni/304 joint

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图 4 TC4/Cu-Ni/304接头不锈钢-纯镍-钛合金界面I, II, III, IV区域的微观组织

Figure 4. Microstructure of I, II, III, IV region of interface from stainless steel to pure nickel to titanium alloy of TC4/Cu-Ni/304 joint. (a) interface from stainless steel to pure nickel to titanium alloy; (b) I region; (c) II region; (d) III region; (e) IV region

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图 5 TC4/Cu-Ni/304接头钛合金侧界面和焊缝金属的微观组织

Figure 5. Microstructure of regions on interface at the titanium alloy side and weld metal of TC4/Cu-Ni/304 joint. (a) interface at the titanium alloy side of TC4/Cu-Ni/304 joint; (b) I region; (c) II region; (d) III region; (e) WM

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图 6 不同焊接电流下TC4/Cu-Ni/304接头的显微硬度分布

Figure 6. Microhardness distribution of TC4/Cu-Ni/304 joint with different welding current. (a) region from TC4 to pure nickel interlayer to 304 to WM; (b) region from TC4 to WM

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图 7 不同焊接电流下TC4/Cu-Ni/304接头的拉剪强度

Figure 7. Tensile-shear strength of TC4/Cu-Ni/304 joint with different welding current

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图 8 TC4/304接头的断口分析

Figure 8. Fracture analysis of TC4/304 joint. (a) fracture surface of TC4/Cu-Ni/304 joint; (b) fracture side of TC4/Cu-Ni/304 joint; (c) fracture surface of TC4/Cu/304 joint; (d) fracture side of TC4/Cu/304 joint

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图 9 TC4/Cu-Ni/304接头的断口表面XRD图谱

Figure 9. XRD pattern of fracture surface of TC4/Cu-Ni/304 joint

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表 1 材料的化学成分 (质量分数,%)

Table 1 Chemical compositions of materials

材料	Cr	Ni	Mn	Si	Fe	Al	V	Ti	Cu	C	N	H	O	Pb	Zn
304	18.0 ~ 20.0	8.0 ~ 12.0	2.0	1.0	余量	—	—	—	—	≤0.03	—	—	—	—	—
TC4	—	—	—	—	0.3	5.5 ~ 6.8	3.5 ~ 4.5	余量	—	≤0.5	≤0.5	≤0.5	≤0.5	—	—
ERCuNiAl	—	6.0	1.0	—	—	8.0	—	—	余量	—	—	—	—	≤0.1	≤0.1

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表 2 CMT焊的工艺参数

Table 2 Process parameters of CMT welding

试样编号	送丝速度 ν_s /(m·min⁻¹)	焊接速度 ν/(mm·s⁻¹)	焊接电流 I/A
1	4.5	8.53	141
2	5.0	8.53	160
3	5.5	8.53	171
4	6.0	8.53	182

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表 3 图3和图4中各点的EDS测试结果(原子分数，%)

Table 3 EDS test results of each point in Fig. 3 − Fig. 4

测试点	Al	Ni	Ti	Fe	Cu	Cr	可能的相
1	17.95	6.82	0.88	7.39	62.72	1.31	铜固溶体和Al₃Ti相
2	13.74	6.61	2.64	51.52	8.04	13.81	Fe-Cr-Al IMCs
3	2.27	62.15	17.71	11.85	1.66	2.98	Fe固溶体和TiNi₃ IMCs
4	1.29	68.48	24.05	1.28	2.23	0.57	Ni固溶体和TiNi₃ IMCs
5	1.13	71.79	24.22	0.39	0.39	0.27	TiNi₃和TiNi IMCs
6	0.58	70.87	23.89	0.43	1.17	0.31	TiNi₃和TiNi IMCs
7	7.25	44.92	41.48	0.68	1.87	0.61	TiNi和TiNi₂ IMCs
8	15.13	10.88	57.17	2.30	4.97	1.65	Ti-Al-Ni IMCs
9	6.83	25.18	57.47	3.96	2.74	0.67	Ti固溶体和TiNi₂ IMCs

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表 4 图5中各点的EDS测试结果(原子分数，%)

Table 4 EDS test results of each point in Fig. 5

测试点	Al	Ni	Ti	Fe	Cu	Cr	可能的相
10	13.71	2.59	44.59	4.28	29.11	1.30	Ti₂Cu和AlTi₃ IMCs
11	22.02	3.84	27.05	1.93	42.83	0.55	AlCuTi和AlCu₂Ti IMCs
12	6.87	2.13	43.58	1.81	38.48	0.95	TiCu和Ti₂Cu IMCs
13	21.35	4.26	23.61	2.35	44.87	0.69	AlCuTi和AlCu₂Ti IMCs
14	27.52	21.29	20.08	17.07	10.45	1.73	Al-Ni-Ti-Fe-Cu IMCs
15	17.40	3.74	1.61	3.75	68.98	1.40	铜固溶体和Al₃Ti相
16	25.75	25.39	21.11	12.86	11.96	1.83	Al-Ni-Ti-Fe-Cu IMCs
17	14.83	5.61	1.74	3.54	72.98	1.01	铜固溶体和Al₃Ti相

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