Analysis of the strengthening and toughening mechanism of deposited metal of 1000 MPa grade high strength steel
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摘要: 自主设计4种不同镍含量(ωNi)的Ni-Cr-Mo系焊丝，采用TIG焊制备1 000 MPa级高强钢熔敷金属. 利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪等对不同镍含量的熔敷金属微观组织进行表征，通过拉伸、冲击、硬度试验对熔敷金属力学性能进行测试，探求镍含量对1 000 MPa级高强钢熔敷金属强韧性机理的影响规律. 结果表明，不同镍含量熔敷金属组织均由板条马氏体、板条贝氏体、联合贝氏体和残余奥氏体组成；镍含量不同，微观组织不同；随着镍含量增加，柱状晶宽度增大，板条马氏体、联合贝氏体和残余奥氏体增多，板条贝氏体减少，熔敷金属强度提高，塑性降低；当ωNi为5.44%时，强韧匹配最佳，屈服强度为1 005 MPa，−50 ℃下冲击吸收能量为95 J.
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关键词:
- Ni元素 /
- 1 000 MPa级熔敷金属 /
- 微观组织 /
- 强韧化机理
Abstract: Four kinds of Ni-Cr-Mo wire with different Ni contents were designed, with which the deposited metal of 1000 MPa high strength steel was prepared by TIG welding. Optical microscope , scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and X-ray diffractometer were used to characterize the microstructure of the deposited metal with varying Ni contents. The mechanical properties of the deposited metal were tested in terms of tensile, impact and hardness to investigate the influencing mechanism of varying Ni contents on the strength and toughness of deposited metal of 1000 MPa high strength steel. The results show that the microstructure of the deposited metal, though with different Ni contents, is composed of lath martensite, lath bainite, combined bainite and retained austenite. Different Ni contents result in different microstructures. With the increase of Ni contents, the width of columnar grains grows, the number of lath martensite, combined bainite and retained austenite also increases, and the number of lath bainite decreases, which have enhanced the strength but weakened the plasticity of the deposited metal. When the Ni content is 5.44 %, the strength- toughness matching is optimal, with the yield strength reaching 1005 MPa, and the impact energy is 95 J at −50 ℃. -
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图 1 坡口形式和力学性能取样示意图(mm)
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of groove form and mechanical properties sample
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图 2 熔敷金属柱状晶OM图
Figure 2. OM images of deposited metal columnar grains. (a) ωNi = 2.48%; (b) ωNi = 3.32%; (c) ωNi = 4.59%; (d) ωNi = 5.44%
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图 4 相图及凝固模式示意图
Figure 4. Phase diagram and schematic diagram of solidification mode. (a) vertical cross-section phase diagrams of deposited metal; (b) schematic of solidification model of weld pool metal
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图 5 熔敷金属的SEM图
Figure 5. SEM images of deposited metal. (a) ωNi = 2.48%; (b) ωNi = 3.32%; (c) ωNi = 4.59%; (d) ωNi = 5.44%
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图 8 熔敷金属TEM图
Figure 8. TEM images of deposited metal. (a) combined bainite; (b) lath polymerization
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图 9 残余奥氏体明、暗场像及衍射花样
Figure 9. Bright and dark field images and diffraction patterns of RA. (a) bright field; (b) dark field diffraction petterns
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图 10 残余奥氏体XRD测量结果
Figure 10. XRD measurement results of retained austenite. (a) XRD pattern; (b) quantitative results
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图 13 熔敷金属的冲击断口形貌
Figure 13. Impact fracture morphologies of deposited metal. (a) ωNi = 2.48%; (b) ωNi = 3.32%; (c) ωNi = 4.59%; (d) ωNi = 5.44%
表 1 熔敷金属化学成分(质量分数，%)
Table 1 Chemical compositons of deposited metals
编号 C Si Mn Ni Cr + Mo S P 1 0.055 0.32 1.66 2.48 1.50 0.004 3 <0.005 2 0.050 0.31 1.63 3.32 1.49 0.003 8 <0.005 3 0.054 0.34 1.70 4.59 1.51 0.004 2 0.002 4 0.060 0.32 1.60 5.44 1.52 0.003 9 <0.005 
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