Abstract: Electron beam welding is an advanced connection technology with rapid progress and vigorous development in recent years. With the increasingly mature technology, its competitiveness in the industrial field is increasing, and has been widely accepted by industrial sectors. In this paper, the research status of electron beam welding in the connection of advanced materials such as high temperature titanium alloys, superalloys, refractory metals and intermetallic compounds, and various dissimilar materials that are mutually soluble and difficult to dissolve are reviewed. The typical study results in welding defect control, welding process optimization, welding mechanism research obtained by researchers at home and abroad are briefly introduced, and the corresponding specific problems and welding process of electron beam welding for advanced materials and dissimilar materials are summarized. The special technical methods such as energy control and metallurgical regulation used in electron beam welding are generalized.