Effect of Ni content on microstructure and shearing property of 304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304 solder joints
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摘要: 研究了Ni含量对Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi(x = 0, 0.5, 1和2，质量分数)钎料熔点和微观组织的影响，用Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi钎料对304不锈钢进行钎焊连接，分析了接头的界面组织与剪切性能. 结果表明，添加不同含量的Ni后，Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi均为近共晶钎料，其熔点约为245 ℃；Sn-8Sb-4Cu钎料组织由α相基体、Sb2Sn3 + Cu6Sn5 + Sn复合相和Cu6(Sn,Sb)5 相组成. 添加Ni元素后，钎料中块状Cu6(Sn,Sb)5转变为细小、均匀分布的 (Cu,Ni)6(Sn,Sb)5. 当Ni含量小于1%时，随Ni含量的增加，钎料中的复合相和(Cu,Ni)6(Sn,Sb)5相均增加；当Ni含量为2%时，钎料中的复合相和(Cu,Ni)6(Sn,Sb)5相均减少，但(Cu,Ni)6(Sn,Sb)5相中Ni含量增加至与Cu相当；Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304钎焊界面均形成了一层厚度约1.5 μm的扩散反应层，EDS分析显示，该层为FeSn2化合物. 钎缝中全部为Cu6Sn5型化合物，未见Sn-Sb 型化合物. Ni元素的添加，提高了304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304钎焊接头的抗剪强度，当Ni含量为0.5%时，接头抗剪强度最大，为67 MPa，与不含Ni钎料相比提高了60%. 所有接头的断裂位置均位于钎缝.
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关键词:
- 304不锈钢 /
- Sn-8Sb-4Cu钎料 /
- 软钎焊 /
- 剪切性能
Abstract: Effect of Ni content on melting point and microstructure of Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi (x=0, 0.5, 1 and 2, mass fraction) solders were investigated. 304 stainless steel were joined by Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi solders, and interfacial microstructure and shearing property of the solder joints were analyzed. The results showed that all of the Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi with different Ni content are near eutectic solders, with a melting point of 245 ℃. The microstructure of Sn-8Sb-4Cu solder was consisted of α phase, Sb2Sn3 + Cu6Sn5+Sn composite phase and Cu6(Sn,Sb)5 phase. After the addition of Ni, the bulk Cu6(Sn,Sb)5 transformed into fine and uniformly distributed (Cu,Ni)6(Sn,Sb)5. When Ni content was less than 1%, the amount of composite phase and (Cu,Ni)6(Sn,Sb)5 phase increased with the increasing of Ni content. When Ni content increased to 2%, the amount of composite phase and (Cu,Ni)6(Sn,Sb)5 phase decreased with the increasing of Ni content, however, Ni content in the (Cu,Ni)6(Sn,Sb)5 phase increases to be comparable to Cu. A diffusion layer with a thickness of about 1.5 μm formed at the Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304 interface, which was identified to be Fe2Sn by EDS. Only Cu6Sn5 type intermetallic compounds formed in the solders of 304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304 joints. The addition of Ni element improved the shear strength of 304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304 brazed joints, and the maximum shear strength of 67 MPa was achieved when the Ni content was 0.5%, which was 60% higher compared to the Ni-free brazing material. The shear fracture locations of all joints were located in the soldering seam.-
Keywords:
- 304 stainless steel /
- Sn-8Sb-4Cu solder /
- soldering /
- shear property
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图 3 Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi钎料微观组织
Figure 3. Microstructure of the Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi solders. (a) Sn-8Sb-4Cu; (b) Sn-8Sb-4Cu-0.5Ni; (c) Sn-8Sb-4Cu-1Ni; (d) Sn-8Sb-4Cu-2Ni
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图 4 304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304钎缝宏观形貌
Figure 4. Macro morphology of 304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304 solder joints. (a) 304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu/304; (b) 304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu-0.5Ni/304; (c) 304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu-1Ni/304; (d) 304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu-2Ni/304
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图 5 Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304界面组织
Figure 5. Interfacial microstructure of Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304. (a) Sn-8Sb-4Cu/304; (b) Sn-8Sb-4Cu-0.5Ni/304; (c) Sn-8Sb-4Cu-1Ni/304; (d) Sn-8Sb-4Cu-2Ni/304
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图 7 304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304钎焊接头抗剪强度
Figure 7. Shear strength of the 304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304 solder joints
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图 8 304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304钎焊接头断口形貌
Figure 8. Fracture morphology of the 304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304 solder joints. (a) 304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu/304; (b) 304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu-0.5Ni/304; (c) 304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu-1Ni/304; (d) 304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu-2Ni/304
表 1 304不锈钢的化学成分(质量分数, %)
Table 1 Chemical compositions of 304 stainless steel
Cr Ni C Mn P S Si Fe 18 ~ 20 8.0 ~ 10.5 0.08 2.00 0.035 0.015 0.75 余量 
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表 2 Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304界面化学成分(原子分数，%)
Table 2 Chemical compositions of the Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304 interface
位置 Sn Sb Cu Fe Cr Ni 扩散层化合物 A 58.6 1.5 1.6 31.8 5.4 1.1 FeSn2 B 56.4 2.8 2.2 28.7 7.9 2.0 FeSn2 C 75.5 2.5 1.2 15.0 4.2 1.6 FeSn2 + Sn D 54.1 3.0 3.5 28.9 8.3 2.2 FeSn2
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