Effect of welding process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo deposited metals
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摘要: 分别采用钨极氩弧焊(TIG焊)和熔化极活性气体保护焊(MAG焊)方法制备了785 MPa级Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo系熔敷金属.利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和电子背散射衍射仪对熔敷金属的组织类型和晶体学特征进行了详细的表征分析，结果表明，采用不同焊接方法制备得到的熔敷金属组织均为贝氏体，但钨极氩弧焊熔敷金属(DM-TIG)中出现大量聚合贝氏体；由于焊接过程中使用的保护气体不同，熔化极活性气体保护焊熔敷金属(DM-MAG)中存在大量夹杂物. 经过电子背散射衍射分析结果表明，相比于DM-TIG，DM-MAG中由于存在大量自催化形核现象，晶体学取向非常复杂.力学性能测试结果表明，DM-MAG中大尺寸夹杂物在冲击过程中作为裂纹源，从而导致DM-MAG的韧性明显低于DM-TIG，实际工程应用中对于低温韧性要求较高的结构部件应合理选择焊接方法.Abstract: In this research, 785 MPa grade Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo deposited metals were prepared by tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding and metal active gas arc (MAG) welding processes, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction were adopted to characterize the microstructure and crystallographic characteristics of the deposited metals. The results showed that the microstructure prepared by different welding processes composed of lath bainite. However, a large amount of coalesced bainite appeared in the microstructure of the TIG deposited metal (DM-TIG). In addition, there were a large number of inclusions in the MAG deposited metal (DM-MAG) due to the active shielding gas. After electron backscatter diffraction analysis, results indicated that the crystallographic orientation of DM-MAG was complex compared to DM-TIG due to the large number of autocatalytic nucleation. The results of the mechanical properties of different deposited metals indicted that the toughness of DM-TIG was significantly better than that of DM-MAG. This was due to the large-sized inclusions in DM-MAG, which became the source of cracks during the fracture process. In practical engineering application, welding method should be selected reasonably for components with high requirement of low temperature toughness.
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Keywords:
- coalesced bainite /
- autocatalytic nucleation /
- inclusion /
- mechanical properties
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图 1 焊接接头和力学试验的试样取样位置示意图 (mm)
Figure 1. Schematic of welding joint and the location of mechanical specimens
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图 2 DM-TIG组织表征
Figure 2. Microstructure characterization of DM-TIG. (a) scanning electron microscope image; (b) transmission electron microscope image; (c) partial enlargement in Fig.2b
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图 3 DM-MAG组织表征
Figure 3. Microstructure characterization of DM-MAG. (a) scanning electron microscope image; (b) transmission electron microscope image; (c) partial enlargement in Fig.3b
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图 4 DM-TIG晶体学表征
Figure 4. Crystallographic feature of DM-TIG. (a) inverse pole figure; (b) Kikuchi band contrast figure; (c) grain boundaries distribution
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图 5 DM-MAG晶体学表征
Figure 5. Crystallographic feature of DM-MAG. (a) inverse pole figure; (b) Kikuchi band contrast figure; (c) grain boundaries distribution
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图 6 熔敷金属中夹杂物分析
Figure 6. Characterization of inclusion in deposited metals. (a) inclusion distribution in DM-TIG; (b) inclusion distribution in DM-MAG; (c) inclusion morphology
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表 1 焊接工艺参数
Table 1 Welding parameters
焊接方法 保护气体 气体流量Q/(L·min−1) 焊接电流I/A 电弧电压U/V 热输入E/(kJ·mm−1) 层间温度T/℃ TIG焊 100% Ar 15 180 14 0.15 60 ~ 70 MAG焊 95% Ar + 5% CO2 20 240 29 1.39 80 ~ 110 
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表 2 母材、焊丝及熔敷金属的化学成分(质量分数，%)
Table 2 Chemical compositions of base metal, welding wires and deposited metals
材料 C Si Mn Cr + Ni + Mo V Fe A517GrQ 0.15 0.21 1.04 3.34 ＜0.01 余量 焊丝 0.036 0.38 1.08 6.41 ＜0.1 余量 DM-TIG 0.025 0.38 1.05 6.02 ＜0.1 余量 DM-MAG 0.061 0.32 0.93 6.74 ＜0.1 余量
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表 3 夹杂物分析
Table 3 Analysis of inclusion
熔敷金属 扫描面积S/mm2 夹杂物数量n/个 平均直径d/μm 最大直径dmax /μm 面积分数wf (%) DM-TIG 26.68 9 1.36 2.58 0.003 DM-MAG 25.76 1 393 1.25 6.67 0.6
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