Effect of laser power on the morphology and porosity for 2195 Al-Li alloy fabricated by fiber-diode laser hybrid welding
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摘要: 光纤−半导体激光复合焊接技术充分结合了光纤与半导体激光热源的优势，在激光加工领域拥有巨大的潜力. 针对2195铝锂合金开展光纤-半导体激光复合焊接试验，并定量研究激光功率对焊接形貌与气孔的影响. 结果表明，光纤激光功率显著影响焊缝熔深，半导体激光功率显著影响焊缝上熔宽. 基于回归分析方法建立焊缝横截面积预测模型. 此外，光纤与半导体激光均对焊缝气孔缺陷的控制起着重要的作用，较高的光纤激光功率有利于降低气孔缺陷. 对于4 mm厚2195铝锂合金，采用光纤激光功率为3.0 kW、半导体激光功率为2.5 ~ 3.0 kW时，熔池温度高且光纤-半导体激光复合作用范围大，焊接接头气孔缺陷少.
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关键词:
- 激光功率 /
- 2195铝锂合金 /
- 光纤−半导体激光复合焊接 /
- 焊缝形貌 /
- 气孔
Abstract: Fiber-diode laser hybrid welding technology, which adequately combines the superiorities of both fiber and diode laser heat source, has great potential in the field of laser processing. In this paper, fiber-diode laser hybrid welding experiments were conducted for the 2195 Al-Li alloy. The effect of laser power on morphology and porosity was quantitatively investigated. The results show that fiber laser power has a significantly impact on the weld depth, while diode laser power has a significantly influence on the upper weld width. The regression model for predicting the cross-sectional area of weld seam was obtained. Besides, both fiber and diode laser play an important role in the control of porosity defects. The higher power of fiber laser is beneficial to reduce porosity. For 2195 Al-Li alloy with the thickness of 4mm, the high-temperature molten pool and large range of fiber-diode laser action region are formed at the fiber laser power of 3.0 kW and diode laser power between 2.5 kW and 3.0 kW, which results in the welded joint with the less porosity.-
Keywords:
- laser power /
- 2195 Al-Li alloy /
- fiber-diode laser hybrid welding /
- weld morphology /
- porosity
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图 1 光纤−半导体激光复合焊接设备
Figure 1. Fiber-diode laser hybrid welding equipment. (a) laser composite welding head; (b) RFL-C3000 fiber laser; (c) RFL-A3000D semiconductor laser
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图 3 不同光纤激光功率下的焊缝横截面
Figure 3. Cross-section of welding seam under different fiber laser power. (a) schematic diagram; (b) Pf = 0 kW, Pd = 3.0 kW: (c) Pf = 0.5 kW, Pd = 3.0 kW; (d) Pf = 1.0 kW, Pd = 3.0 kW; (e) Pf = 1.5 kW, Pd = 3.0 kW; (f) Pf = 2.0 kW, Pd = 3.0 kW; (g) Pf = 2.5 kW, Pd = 3.0 kW; (h) Pf = 3.0 kW, Pd= 3.0 kW
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图 5 不同激光热源焊接的焊缝表面形貌
Figure 5. The surface morphology of weld seam fabricated by different laser source. (a) fiber laser welding; (b) fiber-diode laser composite welding
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图 6 不同半导体激光功率下的焊缝横截面形貌
Figure 6. Cross-section of welding seam under different diode laser power. (a) Pf = 3.0 kW, Pd = 0 kW; (b) Pf = 3.0 kW, Pd = 0.5 kW; (c) Pf = 3.0 kW, Pd = 1.0 kW; (d) Pf = 3.0 kW, Pd = 1.5 kW; (e) Pf = 3.0 kW, Pd = 2.0 kW; (f) Pf = 3.0 kW, Pd = 2.5 kW
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图 8 不同能量配比下的焊缝横截面积
Figure 8. The cross-section area of weld seam under different energy ratio. (a) test results; (b) regression fitting results
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图 9 不同类型的焊缝横截面宏观形貌
Figure 9. Different types of weld morphology in cross-section. (a) φ = 2.5, Pf = 2.5 kW; (b) φ=1.5, Pf = 3.0 kW
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图 10 不同焊缝横截面形貌的形成机理
Figure 10. Formation mechanism of different weld morphology in cross-section. (a) fiber laser welding; (b) diode laser welding; (c) V-shaped molten pool; (d) U-shaped molten pool; (e) “goblet” shaped molten pool
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图 11 光纤激光功率对气孔缺陷的影响
Figure 11. Effect of fiber laser power on porosity. (a) Pf = 2.0 kW, Pd = 3.0 kW, ρ = 1.47%; (b) Pf = 2.5 kW, Pd = 3.0 kW, ρ = 0.56%; (c) Pf = 3.0 kW, Pd = 3.0 kW, ρ = 0.07%
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图 12 半导体激光功率对气孔缺陷的影响
Figure 12. Effect of diode laser power on porosity. (a) Pf = 3.0 kW, Pd = 0 kW, ρ = 1.00%; (b) Pf = 3.0 kW, Pd = 0.5 kW ρ = 1.32%; (c) Pf = 3.0 kW, Pd = 1.0 kW, ρ = 1.19%; (d) Pf = 3.0 kW, Pd = 1.5 kW, ρ = 0.40%; (e) Pf = 3.0 kW, Pd = 2.0 kW, ρ = 0.35%; (f) Pf = 3.0 kW, Pd = 2.5 kW, ρ = 0.09%; (g) Pf = 3.0 kW, Pd = 3.0 kW, ρ = 0.07%
表 1 光纤激光与半导体激光的关键参数
Table 1 Parameters of fiber laser and diode laser
激光器 最大功率
P/kW光纤芯径
DC /μm波长
λ/nm光斑直径
Ds /μmRFL-C3000 3.0 50 1 080 66.67 RFL-A3000D 3.0 600 915 1 200 
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表 2 2195铝锂合金化学成分(质量分数, %)
Table 2 Chemical composition of 2195 Al-Li alloy
材料 Cu Li Zr Mg Ag Fe Ti Si Al 2195 4.02 1.0 0.11 0.4 0.41 0.16 0.07 0.03 余量
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