碳钢旁路热丝PAW增材制造成形及组织和性能调控

苗玉刚; 李春旺; 邵丹丹; 赵羽扬; 魏超; 张本顺

doi:10.12073/j.hjxb.20220109001

碳钢旁路热丝PAW增材制造成形及组织和性能调控

1.
哈尔滨工程大学, 水下机器人技术国家级重点实验室, 哈尔滨, 150001
2.
中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司, 广州, 511462
3.
江苏自动化研究所, 连云港, 222006

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(51975138)；工信部高技术船舶科研项目([2019]360号).

详细信息

作者简介:
苗玉刚，博士，副教授，博士研究生导师；主要从事特种焊接技术与增材制造方面的教学与科研工作； Email: miaoyg@hrbeu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TG 456.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-08
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-01
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-24

Carbon steel bypass-current wire-heating PAW additive manufacturing forming and tissue performance modulation

1.
Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
2.
CSSC Huangpu Wenchong Shipbuilding Company Limited, Guangzhou, 511462, China
3.
Jiangsu Automation Research Institute, Lianyungang, 222006, China

摘要

摘要: 为了解决电弧增材制造过程中电弧热输入过大导致成形较差、晶粒粗大等问题，以H08Mn2Si碳钢为增材材料，进行了旁路热丝等离子弧(PAW)增材制造成形及组织优化. 首先在单层单道沉积试验中，研究了主/旁路电流比对熔敷成形和热输入的影响；然后进行多层单道沉积试验，分析了不同层间温度下碳钢的成形、微观组织以及硬度；最后对成形良好的增材样件进行了拉伸性能测试. 结果表明，当主/旁路电流比较小时，可以获得表面均匀光滑的熔覆层、母材稀释率可减小至10%；当控制层间温度为较低的温度100 ℃时，增材成形表面质量较好，试样中间稳定区域处的微观组织晶粒尺寸细小，珠光体占比增加，平均硬度最高可达到294 HV；拉伸试验表明其强度性能以及塑性性能在各方向上均匀一致，断裂形式为韧性断裂.
- 旁路热丝 /
- 等离子弧焊 /
- 增材制造 /
- 热输入 /
- 显微组织
Abstract: In order to solve the problems of poor forming and coarse grain size caused by excessive arc heat input in the wire-arc additive manufacturing process, this paper conducted a study on forming and tissue optimization of bypass-current wire-heating plasma arc welding (PAW) additive manufacturing with H08Mn2Si carbon steel as the additive material. The effect of main/bypass current ratio on the fusion forming and heat input was investigated in a single-layer single-pass deposition test; then a multi-layer single-pass deposition test was conducted to analyze the forming, microstructure and hardness of carbon steel at different interlayer temperatures; finally, the tensile properties of the well-formed additive samples were tested. The results show that when the main/bypass current ratio is small, a uniform and smooth surface can be obtained, and the dilution rate of the base material can be reduced to 10%; when the interlayer temperature is controlled at a lower temperature of 100 °C, the surface quality of the formed additive is good, and the microstructure in the middle stable area of the specimen has a small grain size and an increased percentage of pearlite, and the highest average hardness can reach 294 HV. The tensile test shows that the strength and plastic properties are uniform in all directions, and the fracture form is ductile fracture.
- bypass current wire-heating /
- plasma arc welding /
- additive manufacturing /
- heat input /
- microstructure

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图 1 旁路热丝等离子弧焊原理

Figure 1. Schematic diagrams of bypass hot wire plasma process

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图 2 主/旁路电流比变化时熔敷成形及横截面形貌

Figure 2. Bead appearance and section at different main/bypass current ration. (a) main/bypass current ratio 1.07; (b) main/bypass current ratio 1.58; (c) main/bypass current ratio 2.45; (d) main/bypass current ratio 4.18

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图 3 主/旁路电流比对焊丝和母材熔化效率的影响规律

Figure 3. Effect of main/bypass current ratio on welding efficiency of welding wire and base metal

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图 4 不同层间温度增材成形宏观截面形貌

Figure 4. Additive forming macroscopic section morphology of different interlayer temperatures. (a) interlayer temperature 100 ℃; (b) interlayer temperature 150 ℃; (c) interlayer temperature 200 ℃; (d) interlayer temperature 250 ℃

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图 5 不同层间温度下熔覆层的显微组织

Figure 5. Microstructure of cladding layer at different interlayer temperatures. (a) interlayer temperature 250 ℃; (b) interlayer temperature 200 ℃; (c) interlayer temperature 150 ℃; (d) interlayer temperature 100 ℃

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图 6 不同层间温度下中间段的显微硬度

Figure 6. Microhardness of the intermediate section at different interlayer temperatures

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图 7 拉伸试验结果

Figure 7. Tensile experiment results. (a) stretch stress-displacement curve; (b) longitudinal specimen; (c) transverse specimen

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表 1 母材和焊丝的化学成分(质量分数，%)

Table 1 Chemical composition of base material and wire

材料	C	Si	S	Mn	P	Cr	Ni	Cu	Fe
Q235	0.18	0.21	0.030	0.61	0.002	—	—	—	余量
H08Mn2Si	0.11	0.65	0.035	1.7	0.035	0.20	0.30	0.20	余量

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表 2 旁路热丝等离子弧增材制造工艺参数

Table 2 Processing parameters for BC-PAW process

主路电流 I_m/A	旁路电流 I_p/A	送丝速度 v₁ /(m·min⁻¹)	行走速度 v₂ /(m·min⁻¹)	等离子气流量 q₁ /(L·min⁻¹)	等离子焊枪保护气流 q₂ /(L·min⁻¹)	喷嘴到工件距离 h/mm	钨极内缩量 s/mm
107	100	3	0.36	0.5	15	6	2.36

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表 3 力学性能计算结果

Table 3 Mechanical property calculation result

位置	抗拉强度 R_m/MPa	断面收缩率 Z(%)	断后伸长率 A(%)
纵向	528.67±14	41.3±2.4	14.6±1.8
横向	522.43±17	38.5±2.1	13.5±2.5

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施引文献(6)

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