Effect of welding wire composition on microstructure and properties of 5E61 aluminum alloy TIG welded joints
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摘要: 为研究焊丝成分对5E61铝合金船板焊接接头组织和性能影响，试验采用Wire-1561，Wire-5B71和Wire-5E613种焊丝对4 mm厚5E61-H116铝合金船板进行非熔化极惰性气体保护焊(tungsten inert gas welding，TIG焊)，并分析了焊接接头的表面形貌、成形质量、微观组织和力学性能. 结果表明，在相同的焊接工艺下，3种焊丝接头焊缝成形质量良好，焊缝中心无肉眼可见气孔. 不同焊丝接头焊缝区显微组织差异明显，Wire-5B71焊缝晶粒最小，Wire-5E61焊缝晶粒次之，Wire-1561焊缝晶粒最大. 由于Mg元素的固溶强化和Er元素的细晶强化，Wire-5E61接头焊缝区显微硬度最大. 对接头试样进行拉伸测试，接头断裂位置主要沿熔合线附近的柱状晶区，此位置显微硬度最低. Wire-1561，Wire-5B71和Wire-5E61 3种焊丝接头抗拉强度分别为322，323和338 MPa，焊接系数分别为0.83，0.84和0.88，断后伸长率分别为13.0%，14.5%和14.5%，满足实际工程应用.Abstract: To study the effect of welding wire composition on the microstructure and properties of 5E61 aluminum alloy ship plates welding joints, the tungsten intert-gas (TIG) welding of 4 mm 5E61-H116 aluminum alloy ship plate was conducted using Wire-1561, Wire-5B71 and Wire-5E61 welding wires. The welded joints' surface morphology, forming quality, microstructure, and mechanical properties were analyzed. The results showed that the welding quality of the three kinds of welding joints performed well under the same welding process, and there were no visible porosities in the welding center zone. The microstructure of the welding zones was different. The grain size of the welding zone by Wire-5B71 was the smallest, followed by Wire-5E61, and the one of Wire-1561 was the largest. Due to the solution strength of the Mg element and the refined crystalline strength of Er element, the microhardness of the welding joint by Wire-5E61 performed the highest. The extension tests of welding joints have proceeded. The results showed the fracture locations of the joints were mainly located along the columnar crystal region near the fusion lines, where the microhardness displayed the lowest. The tensile strength of weld joints prepared by Wire-1561, Wire-5B71 and Wire-5E61 were 322, 323 and 338 MPa, respectively. The welding coefficients were 0.83, 0.84 and 0.88, respectively, and the elongations after fracture were 13.0%, 14.5% and 14.5%, respectively, which can meet practical engineering applications.
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Keywords:
- 5E61 aluminum alloy /
- TIG welding /
- microstructure /
- mechanical properties
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图 2 焊缝纵截面及几何参数
Figure 2. Longitudinal section and geometry parameter of welding lines. (a) longitudinal section; (b) geometry parameter
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图 3 5E61基材晶粒取向分布及晶界统计分布
Figure 3. Grain orientation distribution map and grain boundary angle distributions map of 5E61 base material. (a) grain orientation distribution; (b) grain boundary angle distribution
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图 4 焊接接头的金相组织
Figure 4. Microstructure of welded joints. (a) FZ of Wire-1561; (b) WZ of Wire-1561; (c) FZ of Wire-5B71; (d) WZ of Wire-5B71; (e) FZ of Wire-5E61; (f) WZ of Wire-5E61
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图 5 不同焊丝接头焊缝及热影响区的晶粒取向分布图
Figure 5. Orientation distribution maps of WZ and HAZ of welded joints with different welding wires. (a) WZ of Wire-1561; (b) HAZ of Wire-1561; (c) WZ of Wire-5B71; (d) HAZ of Wire-5B71; (e) WZ of Wire-5E61; (f) HAZ of Wire-5E61
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图 6 不同焊丝接头焊缝及热影响区的低角度晶界占比
Figure 6. Proportion of low angle grain boundaries in WZ and HAZ of welded joints with different welding wires
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图 7 5E61基材及不同焊丝接头焊缝区的XRD图谱
Figure 7. XRD patterns of 5E61 base material and WZ of welded joints with different welding wires
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图 8 不同焊丝接头焊缝区SEM形貌
Figure 8. SEM morphology of WZ microstructure with different welding wires. (a) 5E61 base material; (b) image of the selected area A; (c) WZ of Wire-1561; (d) image of the selected area B; (e) WZ of Wire-5B71; (f) image of the selected area C; (g) WZ of Wire-5E61; (h) image of the selected area D
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图 11 不同焊丝接头的断口微观组织
Figure 11. Microstructures of joint fracture with different welding wires.(a) low magnification fracture of Wire-1561; (b) high magnification fracture of Wire-1561; (c) low magnification fracture of Wire-5B71; (d) high magnification fracture of Wire-5B71; (e) low magnification fracture of Wire-5E61; (f) high magnification fracture of Wire-5E61
表 1 5E61基材及3种焊丝化学成分(质量分数，%)
Table 1 Chemical compositions of 5E61 base material and three kinds of welding wire
材料 Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Zn Zr Er Sc Al 5E61基材 0.15 0.12 0.01 0.91 5.91 0.01 0.12 0.19 — 余量 Wire-1561 0.05 0.08 0.02 0.94 5.69 0.01 0.08 — — 余量 Wire-5B71 0.03 0.11 0.01 0.01 6.02 0.02 0.12 — 0.34 余量 Wire-5E61 0.03 0.15 0.01 0.88 6.23 0.04 0.11 0.35 — 余量 
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表 2 焊接工艺参数
Table 2 Welding parameter
氩气流量
Q/(L·min−1)焊接电流
I/A焊接速度
v/(m·min−1)板材间隙
d/mm12 170 ~ 180 0.18 1.2
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表 3 EDS测试结果(质量分数，%)
Table 3 Results of EDS tests
位置 Al Mg Si Fe Mn Er Sc Zr 可能物相 P1 92.13 5.25 0.42 0.38 1.82 — — — α-铝基体 P2 77.48 2.84 3.51 7.40 8.77 — — — β相、Al-(Fe,Mn)-Si P3 87.78 5.32 — — 6.90 — — — β相、Al6Mn P4 83.27 5.07 — 3.64 8.02 — — — β相、Al6(Mn,Fe) P5 93.97 6.03 — — — — — — α-铝基体 P6 78.33 4.83 — 5.62 3.34 — 4.76 3.12 β相、Al3(Sc,Zr) P7 93.82 6.18 — — — — — — α-铝基体 P8 79.48 4.02 — 10.72 5.78 — — — β相、Al6(Mn,Fe) P9 67.43 4.40 — — 9.52 13.28 — 5.37 β相、Al3(Er,Zr)
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表 4 5E61铝合金基材和焊接接头的力学性能
Table 4 Mechanical properties of 5E61 aluminum alloy base material and welded joints
材料 屈服强度ReL/MPa 抗拉强度Rm/MPa 断后伸长率A(%) 焊接系数φ 5E61基材 218 386 18.0 — Wire-1561接头 175 322 13.0 0.83 Wire-5B71接头 173 323 14.5 0.84 Wire-5E61接头 177 338 14.5 0.88
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表 5 EDS测试结果(质量分数，%)
Table 5 Results of EDS tests
点 Al Mg O Fe Mn 可能物相 1 43.65 24.32 11.7 8.7 11.63 氧化物、Al6(Mn,Fe) 2 40.12 19.35 23.21 9.43 7.89 氧化物、Al6(Mn,Fe) 3 36.65 30.34 18.13 6.32 8.56 氧化物、Al6(Mn,Fe)
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