Abstract: To more efficiently and accurately obtain the influence law of process parameters on the process characteristics of high-power laser welding, a new high-throughput laser welding test method is proposed. With the help of high-speed photography and image processing technology, the photoinduced plume and spatter in the test process are statistically analyzed. The results show that the increase of laser power increases the number and fluctuation of spatter in the welding process. Correspondingly, the surface forming quality becomes worse, and the internal crack increases after welding. For 10000-watt class laser welding, compared with positive defocus welding, the weld formation in negative defocus welding is better, the amount of spatter in the welding process can be effectively restrained, and the sawtooth melting width and penetration fluctuation can be significantly improved. The actual welding results are highly consistent with the test results of "sawtooth plate," which shows that the new method of high-throughput laser welding characteristics test can truly and quickly obtain the influence law of continuous change of process parameters on the welding process. It is a practical new method to study the characteristics of laser welding.