Effect of nickel aluminum bronze transition layer on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welded titanium alloy/stainless steel joint
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摘要: 对3 mm厚TC4钛合金/15-5PH不锈钢异种材料进行了添加镍铝青铜(nickel aluminum bronze，NAB)过渡层的激光填充材料焊接，研究了NAB过渡层对接头成形、微观组织与力学性能的影响. 结果表明，添加NAB过渡层的TC4钛合金/15-5PH不锈钢异种材料激光焊接获得了良好成形的全熔透接头，接头抗拉强度达290 MPa，接头钛合金侧界面层硬度为547.8 HV. 接头钛合金侧界面由3种不同形态的金属间化合物层组成，其中脆性较小的Cu-Ti，Ni-Ti相的数量显著增多，而脆性高的Ti-Fe相数量明显减少，表明添加NAB过渡层抑制了接头钛合金侧界面脆性高的Ti-Fe相的形成.Abstract: The laser welding of 3 mm thick TC4 titanium alloy/15-5PH stainless steel was carried out with nickel aluminum bronze (NAB) as the transition layer. Effects of adding NAB transition layer on the joint formation, microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. The results show that the laser welding of TC4 titanium alloy/15-5PH stainless steel with NAB transition layer can obtain a well-formed full penetration joint. The tensile strength of the joint is 290 MPa, and the hardness of the interface layer on the titanium alloy side is 547.8 HV. The interface on the titanium alloy side of the joint is composed of three IMCs layers with different morphologies. The number of less brittle Cu-Ti and Ni-Ti phases increases significantly, while the number of highly brittle Ti-Fe phases decreases significantly, indicating that the addition of NAB transition layer inhibits the formation of highly brittle Ti-Fe phases at the interface of titanium alloy side.
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Keywords:
- laser welding /
- titanium alloy /
- stainless steel /
- mechanical property
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图 2 TC4/NAB/15-5PH激光焊接头横截面形貌
Figure 2. Cross section of TC4/NAB/15-5PH laser welded joint
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图 3 TC4/NAB/15-5PH激光焊接头显微硬度分布
Figure 3. Microhardness profile of TC4/NAB/15-5PH laser welded joint
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图 4 TC4/NAB/15-5PH激光焊接头拉伸断口形貌
Figure 4. Fracture surface morphology of TC4/NAB/15-5PH laser welded joint. (a) fracture location;(b) low magnification micrograph; (c) high magnification micrograph
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图 5 TC4/NAB/15-5PH激光焊接头不同位置处的过渡层区
Figure 5. Transition layers at different positions of TC4/NAB/15-5PH laser welded joints. (a) titanium alloy side; (b) unmelted; (c) stainless steel side
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图 6 TC4/NAB/15-5PH激光焊接头钢侧界面
Figure 6. Interface on steel side of TC4/NAB/15-5PH laser welded joint. (a) low magnification micrograph; (b) high magnification micrograph
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图 7 TC4/NAB/15-5PH激光焊接头钛侧界面组织
Figure 7. Interface on Ti side of TC4/NAB/15-5PH laser welded joint
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图 8 I，II，III区高倍SEM形貌
Figure 8. High magnification SEM morphology of I, II and III zones. (a) I area; (b) II area; (c) III area
表 1 材料的化学成分(质量分数，%)
Table 1 Chemical compositions of materials
材料 Mn Ni Al V Cr Cu Fe Ti TC4钛合金 — — 5.5 ~ 6.8 3.5 ~ 4.5 — — ≤0.30 88.4 ~ 90.7 NAB青铜 0.5 ~ 4.0 3.0 ~ 6.0 7.0 ~ 11.0 — — 77.5 ~ 82.0 2.0 ~ 6.0 — 15-5PH不锈钢 ≤1.0 4.7 ~ 5.7 — — 14 ~ 15 1.7 ~ 2.5 75.5 ~ 78.5 0.15 ~ 0.30 
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表 2 优化的激光焊接工艺参数
Table 2 Optimized laser welding process parameters
激光功率
P/W焊接速度
v/(mm·min−1)离焦量
Δf/mm偏移量
d(mm)氩气流量
Q/(L·min−1)3500 2500 3 0.4 20
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表 3 激光焊接接头的拉伸性能
Table 3 Tensile properties of laser welded joints
材料 屈服强度ReL/MPa 抗拉强度Rm/MPa 断后伸长率
A(%)TC4钛合金 865 1012 ≥10.0 15-5PH不锈钢 785 980 ≥8.0 NAB青铜 268 638 15.0 TC4/15-5PH接头试样 — 290 2.0
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表 4 TC4侧界面IMC组织的EDS分析(原子分数，%)
Table 4 EDS analysis of IMC structure of TC4 side interface
区域 Ti V Cr Fe Ni Cu 可能的物相 1 57.47 1.29 1.01 1.19 1.55 37.50 CuTi2 2 40.71 1.07 0.17 2.47 3.48 52.10 CuTi 3 25.18 0.98 0.06 1.63 1.69 70.45 CuTi 4 34.15 0 0.12 12.26 14.54 38.93 CuTi，NiTi2 5 16.30 0.11 0.10 3.63 12.56 67.30 NiTi 6 4.32 0 0 2.34 2.32 91.02 FeTi2，NiTi2 7 33.69 0.25 0.24 20.56 20.50 24.76 NiTi2，FeTi2 8 6.10 0.06 0.05 3.47 3.66 86.65 Cu 基固溶体 9 33.01 0 0.14 16.35 15.68 34.83 NiTi2，FeTi2
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