Microstructure and mechanical property of the thick-walled dissimilar steel joint of FSS/ASS with the combined "TIG cold welding + UNGW"
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摘要: 为了有效解决铁素体不锈钢的焊接热影响区晶粒易粗化问题，以及奥氏体不锈钢焊接时在接头部分熔合区及其附近热影响区内因易形成蠕虫状δ铁素体而显著降低该区域耐腐蚀性的问题，提出了“TIG冷焊 + UNGW”的组合焊接工艺，并进行了1Cr17/1Cr18Ni9Ti厚壁异种不锈钢的焊接，同时对所得接头的显微组织、力学性能及耐腐蚀性进行了测试与分析. 结果表明，组合焊接头的1Cr17母材热影响区晶粒未发生粗化，并且1Cr18Ni9Ti母材部分熔合区及其附近热影响区内未形成蠕虫状δ铁素体；组合焊接头的抗拉强度优于1Cr17母材，并且1Cr17母材热影响区的冲击吸收能量与1Cr17母材相当；组合焊接头的熔敷层、1Cr18Ni9Ti母材、1Cr17母材、UNGW焊缝区及完整接头的耐腐蚀性呈依次下降的趋势.
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关键词:
- “TIG冷焊 + UNGW”组合焊 /
- 异种不锈钢焊接 /
- 显微组织 /
- 耐腐蚀性
Abstract: A combined welding technology of "TIG cold welding + UNGW" in this paper was proposed, in order to effectively solve the problem of welding heat affected zone(HAZ) grain coarsening in ferritic stainless steel, and the problem of forming vermicular δ ferrite in the part of fusion zone of the welded joint and near welding HAZ for welding of austenitic stainless steel, which significantly reduces corrosion resistance in this areas. Welding between 1Cr17/1Cr18Ni9Ti thick wall dissimilar stainless steels was conducted, meanwhile the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the welded joint were tested and analyzed. The result shows that the HAZ grains of 1Cr17 base metal of combined welded joint are not coarsened, moreover, there is no vermicular δ ferrite in the part of fusion zone and near heat affected zone of 1Cr18Ni9Ti base metal. The tensile strength of combined welded joint is better than that of 1Cr17 base metal, and the impact absorption energy of HAZ of 1Cr17 base metal is equivalent to that of the 1Cr17 base metal. It shows a downward trend of corrosion resistance from the cladding layer of combined welded joint, the 1Cr18Ni9Ti base metal, 1Cr17 base metal, UNGW weld zone to the welded joint. -
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图 2 母材显微组织
Figure 2. Microstructure of base metal. (a) 1Cr17 base metal; (b) 1Cr18Ni9Ti base metal
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图 5 组合焊接头盖面焊不同区域的显微组织
Figure 5. Microstructure of the covering weld of combined welding joint at the different zones. (a) both sides of fusion line of 1Cr17 base metal; (b) cladding layer on the 1Cr17 side; (c) both sides of fusion line of UNGW on the 1Cr17 side; (d) weld center of UNGW; (e) both sides of fusion line of UNGW on the 1Cr18Ni9Ti side; (f) both sides of fusion line of 1Cr18Ni9Ti base metal
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图 6 组合焊接头打底焊不同区域的显微组织
Figure 6. Microstructure of the backing weld of combined welding joint in the different zones. (a) both sides of fusion line of UNGW on the 1Cr17 side; (b) weld center of UNGW; (c) both sides of fusion line of UNGW on the 1Cr18Ni9Ti side
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图 8 组合焊接头的拉伸试样
Figure 8. Tensile samples of the combined welding joint. (a) plate tensile sample; (b) front crack of A zone; (c) backface crack of A zone
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图 9 组合焊接头不同区域的冲击断口形貌(SEM)
Figure 9. Impact fracture morphology of the different zones of the combined welding joint(SEM). (a) HAZ of 1Cr17 base metal; (b) center of cladding layer; (c) center of UNGW weld
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图 10 3.5% NaCl溶液中组合焊接头的极化曲线
Figure 10. Polarization cueves of the combined welding joint in 3.5% NaCl solution
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图 11 组合焊接头不同区域的晶间腐蚀形貌(SEM)
Figure 11. Intergranular corrosion morphology of the combined welding joint in the different zones (SEM). (a) both sides of fusion line of 1Cr17 base metal; (b) both sides of fusion line of 1Cr18Ni9Ti base metal; (c) both sides of fusion line of UNGW
表 1 TIG冷焊参数
Table 1 Parameters of TIG cold welding
熔敷层 焊丝直径
d/mm氩气流量
Q/( L·min−1)冷焊时间
t/ms冷焊电流
I/A前 5 层 0.8 8 160 170 其余层 1.6 10 200 250 
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表 2 UNGW焊接参数
Table 2 Welding parameters of UNGW
电弧电压
U/V焊接电流
I/A焊接速度
v/(mm·s−1)脉冲频率
f/Hz焊丝伸出长度
Ls/mm30 290 7.3 139 24
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表 3 母材及ER347L焊丝化学成分(质量分数，%)
Table 3 Chemical compositions of base metals and ER347L wire
材料 C Si Mn S P Cr Ni Mo N Nb Ti Fe 1Cr17 0.043 0.31 0.31 0.02 0.035 16.18 0.18 — 0.035 — — 余量 1Cr18Ni9Ti 0.10 0.88 1.56 0.02 0.02 18.60 9.70 — — — 0.60 余量 ER347L 0.021 0.46 1.72 0.005 0.018 19.49 9.42 0.08 — 0.52 — 余量
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表 4 室温下母材及组合焊接头不同区域的冲击吸收能量(J)
Table 4 Impact absorbed energy of base metals and the different zones of combined welding joint at the room temperature
V形缺口位置 试样1 试样2 试样3 平均值 1Cr17母材 15.9 16.1 22.8 18.3 1Cr18Ni9Ti母材 217.4 244 242 234.5 1Cr17母材HAZ 19.1 18 30.1 22.4 熔敷层中心 137.4 105 166 136.1 UNGW焊缝中心 94.3 106.4 118.4 106.4
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表 5 电化学测试结果
Table 5 Results of electrochemical test
测试试样 自腐蚀电位
Ecorr/V自腐蚀电流密度
icorr/(μA·cm−2)熔敷层 −0.264 0.6196 1Cr18Ni9Ti母材 −0.289 0.9089 1Cr17母材 −0.327 0.9695 UNGW焊缝区 −0.305 1.108 完整接头 −0.301 1.190
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