MIG电弧增材制造6061铝合金的组织和性能

何鹏; 柏兴旺; 周祥曼; 张海鸥

doi:10.12073/j.hjxb.20210608001

MIG电弧增材制造6061铝合金的组织和性能

何鹏^{1, 2,},
柏兴旺^1, ,,
周祥曼³,
张海鸥⁴

1.
南华大学 , 衡阳, 421001
2.
南华大学核燃料循环技术与装备湖南省协同创新中心, 衡阳, 421001
3.
三峡大学, 宜昌, 443002
4.
华中科技大学, 武汉 , 430074

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51975270, 51705287)；湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(21A0257)；南华大学核燃料循环技术与装备湖南省协同创新中心开放基金项目.

详细信息

作者简介:
何鹏，硕士;主要研究方向为电弧增材制造；Email:745221671@qq.com

通讯作者:
柏兴旺，副教授；Email: pancard@126.com.

中图分类号: TG40
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-07
- 网络出版日期: 2022-01-26
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-12

Microstructure and properties of 6061 aluminum alloy by MIG wire and arc additive manufacturing

1.
University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, China
2.
Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Nuclear Fuel Cycle Technology and Equipment, University of South China, Hengyang , 421001, China
3.
China Three Gorges University, Yichang , 443002, China
4.
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan , 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 探索MIG电弧增材制造6061铝合金构件的工艺成形性，并对成形件不同区域的微观组织及力学性能开展研究.结果表明,当送丝速度/焊接速度的比值P在0.5 ~ 1之间,且送丝速度在5 ~ 7 m/min之间时，可获得良好焊道形貌；堆积焊道层与层之间交界处为结合层，其余区域为沉积层，结合层和沉积层呈现出沿堆积高度方向灰白色带依次交替的形貌，并都呈现出各种尺寸大小的气孔多发的状态；显微硬度和拉伸测试发现：沿着堆积方向硬度变化不大，结合层硬度低于沉积层，且硬度波动性更大；不同区域水平方向强度差异不大，堆积方向强度比水平方向略低，平均断后伸长率分别为18%和22.6%，两个方向拉伸断口皆以韧窝为主，属于韧性断裂.
- MIG电弧增材制造 /
- 6061铝合金 /
- 微观组织 /
- 力学性能
Abstract: The deposition formability of MIG wire and arc additive manufacturing of 6061 aluminum alloy components is investigated, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of different areas of the deposited parts are studied. The results show that: when the ratio of wire feeding speed/welding speed(F/T) is between 0.5 and 1, meanwhile the wire feeding speed is between 5 and 7 m/min, a good weld bead morphology can be obtained; the interfaces between layers are the bonding layers, and the rest regions are the deposition layer. The bonding layer and the deposition layer show a morphology of alternating gray and white bands along the stack height direction, bonding layers are easier to produce the pore defect; micro hardness and tensile tests show that the hardness changes little along the deposition direction, the hardness of the bonding layer is lower than that of the deposition layer, besides the hardness fluctuation is greater; there is little difference in the strength and plasticity of the horizontal direction in different regions. ; The strength is slightly higher in the deposition direction than the horizontal direction, and the elongation after fracture is 5.6% and 3.4% respectively. The tensile fractures in both directions are mainly dimples, which indicates ductile fractures.
- MIG wire and arc additive manufacturing /
- 6061 aluminum alloy /
- microstructure /
- mechanical properties

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图 1 拉伸及金相试样位置

Figure 1. Positions of tensile and metallographic samples

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图 2 焊接工艺参数匹配下的单层单道成形

Figure 2. Single-layer single-pass deposition with matched welding parameters

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图 3 堆积成形件的宏观形貌

Figure 3. Macro morphology of deposition

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图 4 腐蚀后试样表面

Figure 4. Surface of the sample after corrosion

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图 5 试样上部、中部和下部区域的微观组织

Figure 5. Microstructure of the upper, middle and lower regions

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图 6 显微硬度

Figure 6. Microhardness chart

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图 7 拉伸试样断口形貌

Figure 7. Fracture morphology of tensile samples. (a) vertical sample(low); (b) vertical sample(high); (c) horizontal specimen(low); (d) horizontal specimen (high)

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表 1 焊丝化学成分(质量分数，%)

Table 1 Chemical composition of welding wire

Si	Fe	Cu	Mn	Mg	Cr	Zn	Ti	Al
0.4 ~ 0.8	0.7	0.15 ~ 0.4	0.15	0.8 ~ 1.20	0.04 ~ 0.35	0.25	0.15	余量

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表 2 探究试验工艺参数

Table 2 Used process parameters in experiments

编号	送丝速度 v_s/(m·min⁻¹)	焊接速度 v/(mm·s⁻¹)
1 ~ 4	2	1，2，3，4
5 ~ 8	3	1.5，3，4.5，6
9 ~ 12	4	2，4，6，8
13 ~ 16	5	2.5，5，7.5，10
17 ~ 20	6	3，6，9，12
21 ~ 24	7	3.5，7，10.5，14
25 ~ 28	8	4，8，12，16

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表 3 不同位置拉伸性能对比

Table 3 Comparison of tensile properties in different position

位置	抗拉强度R_m/MPa	屈服强度R_eL/MPa	断后伸长率A(%)
竖直	225.6	107.6	22.6
上部	240	122.7	19.2
中部	251	131.3	18.1
下部	239	116.7	16.8

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表 4 不同工艺焊接接头性能对比

Table 4 Properties comparison of welding joints by different processes

工艺条件	抗拉强度R_m/MPa	屈服强度R_eL/MPa	断后伸长率 A(%)
文献[10]-TIG	175	120	9.2
文献[11]-CMT	185.4	155	10.1
文献[12]-EBW	191	156	5.2
文献[13]-FRW	195	121.96	10

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