EQ70钢激光电弧复合焊焊接热循环及其对热影响区组织演变的影响

鲍亮亮; 王勇; 张洪杰; 徐良; 韩涛

doi:10.12073/j.hjxb.20201207002

EQ70钢激光电弧复合焊焊接热循环及其对热影响区组织演变的影响

鲍亮亮^{1, 2,},
王勇¹,
张洪杰¹,
徐良³,
韩涛^1, ,

1.
中国石油大学(华东)，青岛，266580
2.
中建安装集团有限公司，南京，210000
3.
哈尔滨现代焊接技术有限公司，哈尔滨，150028

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51874345)；山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2018MEE012，ZR2019MEE111)；山东省重点研发计划项目(2017CXGC0812).

详细信息

作者简介:
鲍亮亮，博士研究生；主要从事高效高质量焊接技术研究； Email：baoliangfighting@163.com

通讯作者:
韩涛，博士，副教授；Email：hantao@upc.edu.cn.

中图分类号: TG 404
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-06
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-22
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-30

Welding thermal cycle of the laser-arc hybrid welding of the EQ70 steel and its effects on the microstructure evolution of the heat affected zone

1.
China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
2.
China Construction Industrial & Energy Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
3.
Harbin Modern Welding Technology Co., Ltd., Harbin 150028, China

摘要

摘要: 采用Visul Environment 软件建立了EQ70钢激光电弧复合焊的三维模型，并利用SYSWELD软件对激光电弧复合焊焊接温度场进行了有限元数值模拟，结合热电偶测温法和热影响区的微观组织表征分析了激光电弧复合焊热循环特点及其对热影响区组织演变的影响. 结果表明，采用双椭球体+峰值递增锥体组合型热源可以准确模拟复合焊温度场，电弧区、过渡区、激光区相同热影响区微区具有相近的热循环，热影响区加热速度可达400 ℃/s，1 100 ℃以上停留时间为0.79～1.33 s，t_8/5为4～6 s. 粗晶区、细晶区组织为板条马氏体，临界区组织为马氏体+晶界碳化物，亚临界区组织为回火马氏体. 激光电弧复合焊具有快速加热、高温停留时间短的特点，在一定程度限制了奥氏体晶粒的长大，粗晶区和细晶区平均晶粒尺寸分别为42.7，19.8 μm.
- EQ70 /
- 激光电弧复合焊 /
- 热循环 /
- 热影响区
Abstract: The Visul Environment software was used to establish the 3D model of the laser-arc hybrid welding joint of EQ70 steel. The temperature field of the laser-arc hybrid welding was numerically simulated by the SYSWELD software. The thermal cycle characteristics of the laser-arc hybrid welding and its effects on the microstructure evolution of the heat affected zone (HAZ) were analyzed, combined with the thermocouple thermometry and microstructure characterization. The results shown that the combined heat source with double ellipsoid and peak increasing cone could accurately simulate the temperature field of the laser-arc hybrid welding, and the arc zone, transition zone and laser zone had similar thermal cycles in the same HAZ micro-zones. The HAZ heating rate can reach to 400 ℃/s, the dwelling time above 1 100 ℃ was 0.79−1.33 s, and the t_8/5 was 4−6 s. The coarse grained HAZ (CGHAZ) and the fine grained HAZ (FGHAZ) were mainly comprised of lath martensite. The microstructure of the inter-critically HAZ (ICHAZ) was martensite and grain boundary carbides. The sub-critically HAZ (SCHAZ) composed of tempered martensite. The rapid heating and short high temperature dwelling time of the laser-arc hybrid welding limited the austenite grain growth to some extent, and the average grain size of the CGHAZ and FGHAZ were 42.7 μm and 19.8 μm, respectively.
- EQ70 /
- laser-arc hybrid welding /
- thermal cycle /
- heat affected zone

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图 1 三维有限元模型(mm)

Figure 1. 3D finite element model

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图 2 双椭球体热源模型

Figure 2. Double ellipsoid heat source model

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图 3 锥体热源模型

Figure 3. Cone heat source model

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图 4 测量点分布示意图

Figure 4. Distribution diagram of measuring points

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图 5 激光电弧复合焊接头的形貌

Figure 5. Morphology of laser-arc hybrid welding joint

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图 6 模拟焊缝与实际焊缝对比

Figure 6. Comparison of simulated welded joint and actual welded joint

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图 7 不同区域HAZ网格节点分布及其热循环曲线

Figure 7. Distribution and thermal cycle curves of HAZ mesh points in different zones. (a) arc zone mesh points distribution; (b) transition zone mesh points distribution; (c) laser zone mesh points distribution; (d) thermal cycle curves of arc zone mesh points; (e) thermal cycle curves of transition zone mesh points; (f) thermal cycle curves of laser zone mesh points

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图 8 不同区域的焊接热循环特征参数

Figure 8. Welding thermal cycle parameters in different zones

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图 9 焊接热循环曲线

Figure 9. Welding thermal cycles. (a) measuring point 1,3,5,7；(b) measuring point 2,4,6,8

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图 10 测量点与网格点的热循环特征参数对比

Figure 10. Comparison of thermal cycle parameters of measuring points and mesh points

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图 11 电弧区HAZ的微观组织

Figure 11. Microstructure of arc zone HAZ. (a) CGHAZ optical microstructure；(b) FGHAZ optical microstructure；(c) ICHAZ optical microstructure；(d) SCHAZ optical microstructure; (e) CGHAZ scanning electron microstructure; (f) FGHAZ scanning electron microstructure; (g) ICHAZ scanning electron microstructure; (h) SCHAZ scanning electron microstructure; (i) CGHAZ transmission electron microstructure

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表 1 EQ70钢的化学成分(质量分数，%)

Table 1 Chemical compositions of EQ70 steel

C	Si	Mn	P	Cu	Cr	Mo	V	N	B	Al	Ni	Fe
0.12	0.25	1.09	0.004	0.28	0.58	0.53	0.04	0.003 9	0.000 9	0.074	2.46	余量

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表 2 焊接工艺参数

Table 2 Welding process parameters

激光功率 P/kW	焊接电流 I/A	电弧电压 U/V	焊接速度 v/(m·min⁻¹)	气体流量 Q/(L·min⁻¹)	光丝间距 D_LW/mm	激光离焦量 D_L/mm	激光与电弧夹角 α/(°)
5.5	260	26.0～26.4	0.6	20	10	+6	55

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表 3 不同区域HAZ网格节点的焊接热循环参数

Table 3 Welding thermal cycle parameters of different mesh nodes in different HAZs

区域	编号	峰值温度 T_M/℃	升至峰值温度所需时间t_p/s	1 100 ℃以上停留时间t₁₁₀₀/s	冷却至1 100 ℃ 时间t_M/11/s	800 ℃冷却至500 ℃ 时间t_8/5/s	距焊缝中心距离 d_WM/mm
电弧区	A-1	1 427	3.59	1.24	0.70	5.47	2.76
	A-2	1 145	3.81	0.56	0.35	4.33	3.28
	A-3	892	4.16	—	—	4.26	3.85
	A-4	696	4.36	—	—	—	4.49
	A-5	567	4.59	—	—	—	5.18
过渡区	T-1	1399	3.59	1.33	0.77	5.98	1.28
	T-2	1270	3.71	1.12	0.65	5.17	1.77
	T-3	1130	3.58	1.04	0.55	4.91	2.31
	T-4	977	4.16	—	—	4.08	2.92
	T-5	834	4.36	—	—	3.97	3.59
	T-6	693	4.83	—	—	—	4.32
激光区	L-1	1390	3.39	1.06	0.77	4.91	1.72
	L-2	1140	3.45	0.79	0.39	4.51	2.24
	L-3	946	4.02	—	—	4.47	2.84
	L-4	800	4.36	—	—	4.27	3.5
	L-5	678	4.83	—	—	—	4.23

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表 4 各测量点热循环参数

Table 4 Welding thermal cycle parameters of different measuring points

测点	峰值温度 T_M/℃	升至峰值温度所需时间t_p/s	1 100 ℃以上停留时间t₁₁₀₀/s	冷却至1 100 ℃ 时间t_M/11/s	800 ℃冷却至500 ℃ 时间t_8/5/s	距焊缝中心距离 d_WM/mm
T-1	1380	3.41	1.13	0.71	4.77	2
T-2	1310	3.39	1.09	0.64	5.17	2
T-3	984	3.98	—	—	4.33	3
T-4	966	3.98	—	—	4.14	3
T-5	702	4.36	—	—	—	4
T-6	624	4.59	—	—	—	4
T-7	522	5.02	—	—	—	5
T-8	572	4.59	—	—	—	5

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