Micro-structure and mechanical properties of explosively welded steel/Cu pipes and Al/Cu pipe/rod via the Russian-dolls-like experimental arrangement
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摘要: 采用套娃式新型爆炸焊接法一次试验高效制备出以Q235钢为基管、T2紫铜为覆管的Q235/T2复合管及以1060工业纯铝为覆管、T2紫铜为基棒的1060/T2复合棒各一件. 对试样结合界面的微观形貌及轴向压缩行为进行了测试与分析. 结果表明，受传爆装置产生的射流影响，1060/T2爆炸焊接棒顶端有一直径约3 mm的球形凹槽，距顶部约有8.5 mm区域焊接质量较差，其余部位焊接质量良好；Q235/1060爆炸焊接管未受此影响. 沿着爆轰波传播方向，Q235/T2复合管及1060/T2复合棒的结合界面均逐渐从不稳定波形结合过渡到规则的、幅值/宽度分别约为65 μm/210 μm、120 μm/400 μm的波形结合. EDS显示Q235/T2复合管结合界面处铁铜原子扩散比在44∶56 ~ 72∶28之间，1060/T2复合棒结合界面处有AlCu，Al2Cu生成；力学性能方面，轴向准静态压缩条件下，Q235/T2复合管、1060/T2复合棒的屈服应力/屈服应变分别约为598 MPa/5.8%和340 MPa/4.8%.Abstract: The steel-Q235/copper-T2 pipes and aluminum-1060/copper-T2 composite pipe/rod are fabricated by an unique manufacturing process which we call it “the Russian-dolls-like experimental arrangement”. After the experiment, samples’ welding quality along the detonation direction is firstly evaluated by an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope equipped with a backscattered electrons detector. Mechanical properties of welded samples are checked via longitudinal compression tests. Results show that due to the jet produced by part no. 6, there is a ϕ 3.0 mm spherical groove on top of the Al/Cu explosively-welded rod. Because of this, the section 8.5 mm from the top (Al/Cu couple) is not welded, while the Steel/Cu couple is not affected. Bonding interfaces of Steel/Cu and Steel/Cu couples both change from unstable ones to regular/wavy ones along the detonation direction. Atomic ratios of steel and copper around the Steel/Cu interface varies from 44∶56 to 72∶28, and AlCu and Al2Cu are identified around the Al/Cu interface via EDS analysis. Samples’ yield strength/strain in longitudinal compression for steel/Cu and Al/Cu couples are 598 MPa/5.8% and 340 MPa/4.8%, respectively.
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Keywords:
- explosive welding /
- steel/Cu composite /
- Al/Cu composite /
- micro-structure /
- mechanical properties
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图 1 试验前待焊接材料的微观形貌
Figure 1. Micro morphology of welded samples. (a) steel-Q235 (tube); (b) copper-T2 (tube); (c) aluminum-1060 (tube); (d) copper-T2 (rod)
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图 2 套娃式新型爆炸焊接试验布置
Figure 2. Russian-doll-like experimental arrangement. (a) before assembling; (b) after assembling; (c) Russian-doll-like layout
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图 3 传爆装置的布置及尺寸
Figure 3. Layout and detailed sizes of the experiment. (a) diagram of the detonation propagation; (b) parameters of the propagation parts
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图 4 套娃式爆炸焊接宏观形貌
Figure 4. Macroscopic welding results via the Russian-doll-like experimental arrangement. (a) right after the experiment; (b) cross-sectional profile; (c) RD-direction profile
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图 5 Q235/T2爆炸焊接管显微形貌及EDS分析
Figure 5. SEM images of explosive welding Q235/T2 tube and EDS analysis. (a) at beginning; (b) stable period; (c) occasionally unstable; (d) EDS analysis
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图 6 1060/T2爆炸焊接棒显微形貌及EDS分析
Figure 6. SEM images of explosive welding 1060/T2 rod and EDS analysis. (a) at beginning; (b) stable period; (c) EDS analysis
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图 7 Q235/T2爆炸焊接管轴向压缩试验结果
Figure 7. Longitudinal compression of Q235/T2 specimens and blank trails. (a) the stress-strain relationship; (b) compression test for the reference specimen; (c) after compression test for the reference specimen; (d) compression test for the welded specimen; (e) after compression test for the welded specimen
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图 8 1060/T2爆炸焊接棒轴向压缩试验结果
Figure 8. Longitudinal compression of 1060/T2 specimens and blank trails. (a) the stress-strain relationship; (b) 11.3% compression deformation; (c) 41.5% compression deformation; (d) after the compression test
表 1 试样几何参数
Table 1 Parameters of the chosen metals
材料 功能 外径
D/mm壁厚
δ1/mm长度
l/mm间隙
δ2/mmQ235(管) 基管 83 9.5 105 3 T2(管) 覆管 60 3 105 3 1060(管) 覆管 30 2 105 2 T2(棒) 基棒 22 11 105 2 
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表 2 试样化学组分(质量分数，%)
Table 2 Chemical component of steel-Q235, copper-T2 and aluminum-1060
母材 Fe Mg C Mn Si S Cu Al Q235(管) 99.25 — 0.2 0.5 — 0.05 — — T2(管) 0.005 — — — — 0.005 99.99 — 1060(管) — 0.03 — 0.03 0.25 — 0.05 99.64 T2(棒) 0.005 — — — — 0.005 99.99 —
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表 3 Q235/T2爆炸焊接管界面EDS分析
Table 3 EDS analysis of the interface of the Q235/T2
测试点 元素 质量分数w(%) 原子分数a(%) × Fe 67.1 69.9 Cu 32.9 30.1 + Fe 72.2 74.7 Cu 27.8 25.3 △ Fe 44.1 47.2 Cu 55.9 52.8 $\nabla$ Fe 59.2 62.3 Cu 40.8 37.7
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表 4 1060/T2爆炸焊接棒界面EDS分析
Table 4 EDS analysis of the interface of the 1060/T2
测试点 元素 质量分数w(%) 原子分数a(%) × Al 33.5 54.2 Cu 66.5 45.8 + Al 32.8 53.5 Cu 67.2 46.5 △ Al 34.6 55.5 Cu 65.4 44.5 $\nabla $ Al 33.5 54.3 Cu 66.5 45.7
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