固体润滑剂对无镀铜焊丝导电嘴磨损性能的影响

曹晓涛; 栗卓新; WolfgangTillmann; 孟波; 乔吉春

doi:10.12073/j.hjxb.20200325004

固体润滑剂对无镀铜焊丝导电嘴磨损性能的影响

1.
北京工业大学，北京， 100124
2.
德国多特蒙德工业大学，多特蒙德，44227
3.
山东聚力焊接材料有限公司，德州， 253000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51574011)；北京市自然科学基金资助项目(2152008)；泰山产业领军人才资助项目(2019).

详细信息

作者简介:
曹晓涛，1991年出生，硕士；主要从事无镀铜焊丝的研制和焊接工艺；Email：1197537093@emails.bjut.edu.cn.

通讯作者:
栗卓新，教授，博士研究生导师. Email：zhxlee@bjut.edu.cn.

中图分类号: TG 424
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-24
- 网络出版日期: 2020-12-02
- 刊出日期: 2020-09-24

Effect of solid lubricant on contact tip wear performance of non-copper coated solid wire

1.
Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
2.
Dortmund University of Technology, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
3.
JULI Welding Material Co., Ltd., Shandong, 253000, China

摘要

摘要: 采用扫描电镜和体视显微镜研究了固体润滑剂对无镀铜焊丝导电嘴磨损性的影响. 结果表明，随着固体润滑剂成分的改变，导电嘴磨损形式发生变化，导电嘴质量损失率和导电嘴孔径磨损率随之改变；焊丝表面涂敷以石墨 + 纳米Fe₂O₃和石墨 + 纳米Fe₃O₄为主的固体润滑剂时，磨损形式以轻微磨粒磨损为主，导电嘴质量损失率和孔径磨损率显著降低，分别为0.27%和0.31%、16.2%和22.3%，导电嘴温度是影响固体润滑剂润滑性的重要因素，以石墨 + 纳米Fe₂O₃和石墨 + 纳米Fe₃O₄为主的固体润滑剂能实现从室温到较高温度范围内的连续润滑.
- 无镀铜焊丝 /
- 固体润滑剂 /
- 导电嘴磨损 /
- 导电嘴温度
Abstract: The effects of solid lubricants on contact tip wear performance of non-copper coated solid wire were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and stereoscopic microscope. It was found that the wear form of contact tip varied with composition of solid lubricant, therefore, the mass and aperture wear loss rate of contact tip were changed. When surface coatings of non-copper coated solid wire were mainly composed of graphite + nano Fe₂O₃, the mass and aperture wear loss rate of contact tip were 0.27%, 16.2%, respectively. Coated with graphite + nano Fe₃O₄, contact tip wear perfermance of non-copper coated solid wire were better, the mass and aperture wear loss rate wear of contact tip were 0.31%, 22.3%, respectively. Slight abrasive wear was wear form of contact tip. Contact tip temperature had an important role on the lubricity of solid lubricants, the solid lubricants mainly composed of graphite + nano Fe₂O₃ or graphite + nano Fe₃O₄ can achieve continuous lubrication from room temperature to higher temperature range.
- non-copper coated solid wire /
- contact tip wear /
- solid lubricant /
- contact tip temperature

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图 1 导电嘴孔径初始形貌

Figure 1. Initial aperture morphology of contact tip

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图 2 固体润滑剂对导电嘴磨损性的影响

Figure 2. Effect of solid lubricants on contact tip wear

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图 3 导电嘴内孔表面磨损形貌

Figure 3. Contact tip wear morphology. (a) N₀; (b) N₁; (c) N₂; (d) N₃; (e) N₄

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图 4 焊接过程中导电嘴温度趋势

Figure 4. Temperature trends of contact tube during welding

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图 5 严重/轻微磨损机制随纳米Fe₂O₃粒径和载荷转变的磨损图

Figure 5. Wear map of severe and mild wear regimes in variations of diameter of supplied Fe₂O₃ oxide particles and applied load

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图 6 纳米颗粒降低实际接触区域机制示意图

Figure 6. Illustration of the proposed mechanism, reduction of the real area of contact by the nanoparticles

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表 1 无镀铜焊丝表面固体润滑剂成分设计(质量分数，%)

Table 1 Component design of surface solid lubricant on of non-copper coated solid wire

焊丝编号	固体润滑剂编号	MoS₂	石墨	纳米Fe₂O₃	纳米Fe₃O₄	其余成分
N0	0	—	—	—	—	100
N1	1	60	—	—	—	40
N2	2	—	60	—	—	40
N3	3	—	40	20	—	40
N4	4	—	40	—	20	40

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表 2 表面固体润滑剂主要成分性质

Table 2 Main component properties of surface solid lubricant

固体润滑剂主要成分	纯度α(%)	粒径d/nm
MoS₂	98	3500
石墨	98	3000
纳米Fe₂O₃	99.9	50
纳米Fe₃O₄	99.9	50

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表 3 QCr1Zr导电嘴元素组成(质量分数，%)

Table 3 Element composition of QCr1Zr contact tip

Al	Mg	Cr	Zr	Fe	Si	P	杂质总和
0.1 ~ 0.25	0.1 ~ 0.25	0.1 ~ 0.8	0.1 ~ 0.6	0.5	0.5	0.1	0.5

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表 4 焊接工艺参数

Table 4 Welding parameters

焊接电流I/A	电弧电压U/V	焊接速度v/(mm·min⁻¹)	保护气体	气体流量Q/(L·min⁻¹)	焊丝伸出长度L/mm	焊接时间t/h
300	33	350	CO₂	20	20	1

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表 5 不同固体润滑剂下无镀铜焊丝导电嘴磨损的测试数据

Table 5 Test data of contact tip wear of non-copper coated solid wire with different solid lubricants

固体润滑剂编号	导电嘴质量损失			导电嘴孔径磨损			孔径图片
固体润滑剂编号	初始质量 m/g	焊后质量 M/g	质量损失率 A_m(%)	初始孔径 D₀/mm	焊后最大孔径 D_w/mm	孔径磨损率 A_w(%)	孔径图片
0	12.486 2	12.391 3	0.76	1.38	2.62	89.9
1	12.496 7	12.410 5	0.69	1.43	2.54	77.6
2	12.470 3	12.403 0	0.54	1.41	2.35	66.7
3	12.467 9	12.434 2	0.27	1.42	1.65	16.2
4	12.418 8	12.380 3	0.31	1.39	1.7	22.3

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表 6 各EDS点元素分析结果(原子分数，%)

Table 6 Elements composition of analysis point

各点	Cu	Fe	C	Mo	O	Cr	Zr	S	K	Ca
1	68.8	7.2	1.4	—	17.3	0.3	0.1	—	2.1	2.8
2	35.6	3.2	1.2	40.2	9.3	0.4	0.1	6.8	1.2	2.0
3	52.9	2.5	24.9	—	17.2	0.3	0.2	—	0.9	1.1
4	28.4	12.7	38.6	—	16.5	0.2	0.2	—	2.6	0.8
5	19.8	17.9	38.7	—	21.2	0.2	0.2	—	0.5	1.5

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