Abstract: there were a lot of harmful substances in welding fumes, and it seriously threaten the health of welders, therefore, it was significant to study welding fume. In this paper, the droplet transfer mode was captured by high-speed camera. At the same time, the fume generated in the welding process was collected by the collection device. The amounts of fumes were measured next, and the composition of welding fumes in different parameters were analyzed by EDS. The results showed that the droplet transfer mode has little effect on the amounts of fumes generated under large electrical parameters, which is mainly due to the excessive heat input, it leaded to the increase of droplet and base metal evaporation and become the main reason for the increase of fumes. Under the direct current electrode positive (DCEP), the droplet mainly performed globular repelled transfer and there was more welding spatter, it caused the welding fume increases. In addition, the element types in fumes were basically the same for different polarity specifications. However, due to the combustion and evaporation of more low ionized substances at the bottom of the droplet during DCEP, the element content of low ionized substances was more than that under direct current electrode positive (DCEN). Otherwise, the cathode spots always located at the oxide film under DCEN, which causes more oxide elements to evaporate and form fumes. Finally, the content of oxide elements under DCEN was higher than that under the DCEP.