船用铝/钢焊接接头BC-MIG电弧增材制造工艺
Study on additive manufacturing of BC-MIG for marine aluminum/steel welded joints
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摘要: 选用直径1.2 mm的4043铝焊丝为增材材料，2 mm厚的Q235镀锌钢板为基板，研究BC-MIG电弧增材制造工艺. 将得到的铝/钢焊接接头与6061铝合金板材进行焊接，得到的T形材结构成形美观. 利用光学显微镜和显微硬度仪分别对接头的组织形貌和硬度分布进行分析. 结果表明，由于温度梯度和冷却速率的差异，界面层处铝侧为竖直向上生长的树枝晶状组织，中部呈现结晶方向相对杂乱的晶枝结构，顶端组织晶粒较为细小且生长无方向性. 沿着钢母材区域至界面中间层，再至铝合金区域，接头硬度先增加后减小至趋于平缓，在铝/钢界面结合层区域硬度达到最大142 HV.Abstract: The 4043 aluminum wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm was employed as additive material deposition on the 2 mm thick Q235 low carbon steel plates to study BC-MIG arc additive manufacturing process. The T-shaped structure obtained by welding aluminum/steel welded joints with 6061 aluminum alloy plate was beautiful in appearance. The microstructure and hardness distribution of the joint were analyzed by optical microscope and microhardness tester respectively. The results showed that due to the difference of temperature gradient and cooling rate, the aluminum side of the interface layer is a dendritic structure that grew vertically upwards, the middle part showed a relatively cluttered crystal structure, and the top grain is finer and has no directional growth. Along the steel base material area to the intermediate layer of the interface, and then to the aluminum alloy area, the hardness of the joint first increases and then decreases to a gentle degree, and the hardness of the joint layer in the aluminum/steel interface reaches a maximum of 142 HV.
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