Brazing process of TC4 titanium/ 304 stainless steel dissimilar materials honeycomb sandwich structure
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摘要: 采用Ti-37.5Zr-15Cu-10Ni和Ag-28Cu两种钎料分别对TC4钛合金面板/304不锈钢蜂窝芯异种材料蜂窝结构进行了钎焊，对钎焊界面组织和蜂窝结构的力学性能进行了对比分析. 结果表明，Ti基钎料与304不锈钢蜂窝芯箔材界面润湿反应性能较差且Ti基钎料钎缝显微硬度较高，导致钎焊界面强度低，蜂窝拉伸力学性能差. Ag基钎料与304不锈钢蜂窝芯箔材和TC4面板均发生显著的界面反应，钎焊温度830 ℃，保温时间10 min时，蜂窝抗拉强度为10.35 MPa，呈蜂窝芯破坏特征. Ag基钎料蜂窝抗拉强度明显优于Ti基钎料结果，适用于TC4钛合金面板/304不锈钢蜂窝芯异种材料蜂窝钎焊.Abstract: TC4 titanium face sheet/304 stainless steel honeycomb core dissimilar materials honeycomb sandwich structures were brazed by Ti-37.5Zr-15Cu-10Ni and Ag-Cu28 brazing filler metals respectively. Microstructure of brazing interfaces and mechanical properties of honeycomb sandwich structures brazed by both brazing filler metals were comparatively analyzed in details. Results show that the wettability between 304 stainless steel honeycomb core and Ti-based brazing filler metal is poor and the hardness of brazed interface is relatively high, which lead to the low strength of Ti-37.5Zr-15Cu-10Ni brazed interface. Significant reaction has taken place between 304 stainless steel honeycomb core and Ag-based brazing filler metal. Honeycomb sandwich structure with the tensile strength of 10.35 MPa is attained at the brazing temperature of 830°C with the bolding time of 10 min. Compared with Ti-based brazing filler metal, Ag-based brazing filler metal is suitable for brazing TC4 titanium /304 stainless steel dissimilar materials honeycomb sandwich structures.
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图 1 TC4钛合金/304不锈钢异种材料蜂窝装配示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of TC4 titanium/ 304 stainless steel dissimilar materials honeycomb sandwich structure
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图 2 Ag基钎料钎焊界面
Figure 2. Microstructure of Ag-28Cu brazed interface between TC4 titanium face sheet and 304 stainless steel honeycomb core
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图 3 Ag基钎料钎焊界面箔材/钎料反应区
Figure 3. Microstructure of the reaction zone between 304 stainless steel honeycomb core and Ag-28Cu brazing filler metal
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图 4 Ag基钎料钎焊界面元素面扫描结果
Figure 4. Elements distribution of Ag-28Cu brazed interface between TC4 titanium face sheet and 304 stainless steel honeycomb core
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图 5 304箔材和钎料反应区物相生成过程示意图
Figure 5. Phases formation process during the reaction between 04 stainless steel honeycomb core and Ag-28Cu brazing filler metal
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图 6 Ag基钎料钎焊界面钎料/TC4面板反应区
Figure 6. Microstructure of the reaction zone between Ag-28Cu filler metal and TC4 titanium face sheet
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图 7 Ti基钎料钎焊界面
Figure 7. Microstructure of Ti-37.5Zr-15Cu-10Ni brazed interface between TC4 titanium face sheet and 304 stainless steel honeycomb core
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图 8 Ti基钎料钎焊界面箔材/钎料反应区
Figure 8. Microstructure of the reaction zone between 304 stainless steel honeycomb core and Ti-37.5Zr-15Cu-10Ni brazing filler metal
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图 9 Ti基钎料钎焊界面元素面扫描结果
Figure 9. Elements distribution of Ti-37.5Zr-15Cu-10Ni brazed interface between TC4 titanium face sheet and 304 stainless steel honeycomb core
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图 10 Ti基钎料钎焊界面钎料/TC4面板反应区
Figure 10. Microstructure of the reaction zone between Ti-37.5Zr-15Cu-10Ni brazing filler metal and TC4 titanium face sheet
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图 11 Ag基钎料TC4 /304异种材料蜂窝夹层结构的拉伸破坏试样
Figure 11. Fractured TC4 titanium/ 304 stainless steel dissimilar materials honeycomb sandwich structure brazed by Ag-28Cu filler metal after tensile testing
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图 12 Ti基钎料TC4 /304异种材料蜂窝夹层结构的拉伸破坏试样
Figure 12. Fractured TC4 titanium/ 304 stainless steel dissimilar materials honeycomb sandwich structure brazed by Ti-37.5Zr-15Cu-10Ni filler metal after tensile testing
表 1 TC4钛合金/304不锈钢异质蜂窝结构钎焊工艺参数
Table 1 Brazing parameters of TC4 titanium/ 304 stainless steel dissimilar materials honeycomb sandwich structure
材料 钎焊温度T/℃ 保温时间t/min Ag-28Cu 830 10 Ti-37.5Zr-15Cu-10Ni 875 10 
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表 2 箔材/钎料反应区成分点能谱分析结果(原子分数，%)
Table 2 Chemical composition at different regions of the reaction zone between 304 stainless steel honeycomb core and Ag-28Cu brazing filler metal
位置 Al Ti V Cr Fe Ni Cu Ag 可能物相 A 0.15 0 0.05 0.13 0 0.02 4.973 94.683 Ag(s,s) B 0.28 30.7 0.11 1.45 13.39 4.00 46.33 3.77 Ti-Cu化合物 C 0.29 8.149 0.10 21.97 60.69 1.53 1.71 5.57 Ti-Fe化合物 D 0.20 8.23 0.09 18.33 52.00 1.52 4.20 15.42 304 + Ag(s,s)
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表 3 Ag基钎料凝固区成分点能谱分析结果(原子分数，%)
Table 3 Chemical composition at different regions of Ag-Cu28 brazing filler metal solidification zone
位置 Al Ti V Cr Fe Ni Cu Ag 可能物相 F 0.09 0.08 0 0.12 0.19 0.13 6.95 92.44 Ag(s,s) G 0.43 39.39 0.51 0 0 0.62 56.37 2.68 Ti-Cu化合物
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表 4 Ti基钎料凝固区成分点能谱分析结果(原子分数，%)
Table 4 Chemical composition at different regions of Ti-37.5Zr-15Cu-10Ni brazing filler metal solidification zone
位置 Al Ti V Cr Fe Ni Cu Zr 可能物相 L 1.04 29.91 0.18 0.3 1.45 13.4 15.79 37.92 钎料(s,s) M 0.48 74.18 0 0.21 0.47 2.25 4.41 17.99 Ti-Zr固溶体
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表 5 TC4钛合金/304不锈钢异种材料蜂窝夹层结构拉伸强度
Table 5 Tensile strength of TC4 titanium/ 304 stainless steel dissimilar materials honeycomb sandwich structures
编号 类别 抗拉强度Rm/MPa 破坏方式 抗拉强度均值 ${\bar {R}_{\rm m} }$ /MPa1 9.74 蜂窝芯坏 10.35 2 Ag-28Cu 10.12 蜂窝芯坏 3 11.19 蜂窝芯坏 1 2.72 钎焊界面脱焊 2.59 2 Ti37.5Zr15Cu15Ni 1.95 钎焊界面脱焊 3 3.10 钎焊界面脱焊
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