高镍球铁同质电焊条焊缝组织形成规律
Microstructure formation of the weld by high nickel ductile iron homogeneous welding electrode
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摘要: 针对铸铁在焊接过程中焊缝易产生白口、裂纹和淬硬组织等技术难题.采用自制高镍球铁同质电焊条，探索了高镍球铁同质焊缝组织形成规律及其与接头力学性能的相关性.结果表明，焊缝组织由分枝细小的柱状奥氏体枝晶+球状石墨+少量晶间碳化物组成.焊接电流的增大使焊缝中柱状晶变得粗壮，石墨球化率升高，晶间碳化物数量增多.当焊接电流一定时，随着预热温度的增大，石墨形态变差，碳化物数量增多，接头抗拉强度减小而硬度增大.采用大电流不预热焊接工艺可以获得综合性能优良的铸铁同质焊缝.Abstract: Aimed at the welding difficulties of cast iron that the weld is easy to form the ledeburite and quenched microstructures as well as weld crack during welding. The welding experiment was conducted by using high nickel ductile iron homogeneous welding electrode. The effects of welding technologies on joint microstructure and properties of the homogeneous weld produced by the welding electrode had been researched in detail. The results indicate that the microstructure of the high nickel ductile iron homogeneous weld is composed of fine columnar austenite dendrite, spheroidal graphite and a little intergranular carbide. With the increase of welding current, the morphology of columnar dentrite in the weld tends to be coarsening, the graphite nodularity increases, and the number of intergranular carbides increases. When the welding current is constant, with the increase of preheat temperature, the graphite morphology becomes worse, the amount of carbides precipitated increases, so the tensile strength of the joint decreases and the hardness increases. By using the high nickel ductile iron homogeneous welding electrod, along with the large welding current technology at room temperature, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld could be controlled effectively and the high quantity homogeneous weld with excellent machining property can be obtained.
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