Numerical simulation of welding residual stress and distortion in Q345/316L dissimilar steel
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摘要: 文中基于SYSWELD有限元分析软件对Q345/316L异种钢焊接过程的瞬态温度分布、残余应力及变形进行了数值模拟，并通过试验对其模拟结果进行了验证. 试验测量结果与数值模拟结果吻合良好，证明了利用SYSWELD模拟异种钢焊接的可靠性. 结果表明，异种钢焊接温度场呈不对称分布，Q345侧的高温区域范围更大. 不论是横向残余应力还是纵向残余应力，沿焊缝方向均呈帽状分布且在焊缝中部位置存在最大残余应力；在垂直于焊缝中央截面上，纵向残余应力与横向残余应力在焊缝和焊缝附近区域分布是不连续的，存在较大的应力梯度且应力状态也较复杂，而最大残余应力出现在Q345侧的熔合线处. 不同的热输入下模拟结果表明，在保证焊接接头质量的前提下，最好采用小热输入的焊接工艺.Abstract: Based on SYSWELD finite element analysis software, the transient temperature distribution, residual stress and deformation of Q345/316L dissimilar steels were numerically simulated, and the simulation results were validated by the experimental method. The experimental results show a good agreement with the numerical simulation results, which proved the reliability of the dissimilar steel welding of SYSWELD simulation. The results show that the welding temperature field of dissimilar steel was asymmetric, and the Q345 side had a wider range of high temperature regions. Both the transverse and longitudinal residual stresses were in the shape of cap in the direction of the weld and there was a maximum residual stress in the middle of the weld. In the middle of perpendicular welding cross section, the longitudinal residual stress and transverse residual stress were not continuous weld and weld near the central section of the weld. There was a large stress gradient and the stress state was complex. The maximum residual stress appeared in Q345 side of the fusion line. The simulation results under different heat input show that, under the premise of ensuring the quality of welded joints, it was best to use a small heat in welding process.
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