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不锈钢车体点焊接头疲劳特性分析

Analysis on fatigue characteristics of spot welded joints of stainless steel car body

  • 摘要: 为获取不锈钢车体点焊结构的疲劳特性,提出了一种用于点焊疲劳寿命评估的S-N曲线和P-S-N曲线. 首先,对点焊试件进行拉剪疲劳试验,得到点焊试件的疲劳寿命. 然后,建立点焊试件体单元和壳单元有限元模型,并将仿真结果与准静态试验结果对比,验证了壳单元有限元模型的准确性. 之后,基于Rupp法得到点焊试件的等效结构应力,并根据等效结构应力和试验寿命得到点焊试件在不同应力比下的S-N曲线. 为了消除应力比对S-N曲线的影响,基于Goodman修正法将非对称循环下的结构应力当量为对称循环下的结构应力,得到了点焊试件的基本S-N曲线. 最后,根据三种方法绘制出了点焊的P-S-N曲线,对比得到基于破坏率的方法一和基于等效寿命的方法三能够较为准确地预测点焊的真实寿命,为点焊结构的设计及寿命预测提供一定的参考.

     

    Abstract: In order to obtain the fatigue characteristics of the spot welded structure of the stainless steel car body, the S-N curve and P-S-N curve for fatigue life assessment of spot welding were proposed. Firstly, the tensile-shear fatigue tests were performed to obtain the fatigue life of the spot welded samples. Then, the finite element models of the spot welded samples were established by solid elements and shell elements respectively. The simulation results were compared with the quasi-static test results to verify the accuracy of the finite element model established by shell elements. Then, the equivalent structural stress values of the spot welded samples were obtained based on the Rupp method. The S-N curves of the spot welded samples at different stress ratios were obtained according to the equivalent structural stress and the test life. In order to eliminate the effect of the stress ratios on the S-N curves, the structural stress under the asymmetric cycle was equivalent to the structural stress under the symmetrical cycle based on the Goodman correction method. Thus the basic S-N curve of the spot welded samples was obtained. Finally, the P-S-N curves of spot welding were drawn based on three methods. By comparing P-S-N curves, method 1 based on failure rate and method 3 based on equivalent life can accurately predict the real life of spot welding, which provides some reference for the design and life prediction of spot welded structures.

     

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