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正火温度对电弧增材制造Ti-6Al-4V组织与性能的影响

Effect of normalizing temperature on microstructure and properties of Ti-6Al-4V fabricated by arc additive manufacturing

  • 摘要: 利用TIG电弧增材制造技术制备了TC4钛合金样件,并对样件进行了正火处理. 结果表明,经正火处理后的试样组织由α相和β相组成;在750 ~ 950 ℃范围内,随着正火温度的升高,针状初生α相变短变粗,并逐渐向网篮组织方向转变;在950 ~ 1 050 ℃温度范围内,随着温度的升高,部分初生α相聚合长大,并向着“伪等轴晶”方向转化,在1 050 ℃形成了“伪等轴晶”初生α相 + 细小针状初生α相 + 细小针状初生α相之间的α + β组织,针状初生α相随着温度的升高变短变细. 最佳条件(850 ℃/2 h/空冷)下y方向的抗拉强度900.4 MPa、屈服强度820.4 MPa、断后伸长率9.3%、断面收缩率27.4%,z方向的抗拉强度890.1 MPa、屈服强度790.1 MPa、断后伸长率10.8%、断面收缩率31.0%,其性能接近锻件标准要求;沉积态与正火处理态的硬度值变化不大;拉伸试样(yz方向)断口形貌均布满韧窝,属于塑性断裂.

     

    Abstract: The samples of TC4 titanium alloy were prepared by TIG arc additive manufacturing, and the samples were normalized. The results show that the microstructure of the sample is composed of α phase and β phase after normalizing treatment. And the acicular primary α phase becomes shorter and thicker with the increase of normalizing temperature at the range of 750 ~ 950 °C, and gradually changes to the direction of net basket structure. At the range of 950 ~ 1 050 °C, some primary α phases develop toward "pseudo-equiaxed crystals", and form structures which comprises the "pseudo-equiaxed crystals" primary α phase + the fine needle-like primary α phase + (α + β) structures between the fine needle-like primary α phases at 1 050 °C. The better mechanical properties of the present work (in conditions of 850 °C/2 h/AC) show that tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and reduction of the area in y direction are 900.4, 820.4 MPa, 9.3%, and 27.4% respectively, and tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and reduction of the area in z direction are 890.1, 790.1 MPa, 10.8%, and 31.0% respectively, which is close to the standard requirements for forgings. The hardness of sedimentary state and normalizing state has little changes. The fracture morphology of tensile specimen (z tensile specimen and y tensile specimen) is full of dimples and belongs to plastic fracture.

     

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