FeAlCuCrNiNb<sub><i>x</i></sub>系高熵合金堆焊层的组织及性能分析

苏允海; 梁学伟; 邓越; 刘韫琦

doi:10.12073/j.hjxb.20191015001

FeAlCuCrNiNb_x系高熵合金堆焊层的组织及性能分析

沈阳工业大学，沈阳， 110870

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2017YFB1103603)；辽宁省自然科学联合基金项目(20180510030).

详细信息

作者简介:
苏允海，1980年出生，博士，副教授，博士研究生导师；主要从事材料焊接及表面强化技术的科研和教学工作；发表论文30余篇；Email：289646841@qq.com

中图分类号: TG 422
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-10-14
- 网络出版日期: 2020-07-26
- 刊出日期: 2020-07-26

Microstructure and property analysis of FeAlCuCrNiNbx high-entropy alloy surfacing layer

Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870，China

摘要

摘要: 为了研究Nb元素含量对FeAlCuCrNiNb_x(x = 0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0，x为摩尔比)高熵合金的组织结构及性能的影响，采用熔化极气体保护焊技术在碳钢板表面制备出FeAlCuCrNiNb_x高熵合金堆焊层，而后对堆焊层进行显微组织、物相组成、显微硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性分析. 结果表明，FeCuCrAlNiNb_x高熵合金堆焊层呈现以Fe-Cr相为基的BCC固溶体和少量MC共晶碳化物. 组织为典型的枝晶结构，由灰色的枝晶(DR)及白色的枝晶间(ID)结构组成. 对于耐磨性，加入适量的Nb元素可以显著提高堆焊层的显微硬度和耐磨性，当Nb摩尔比为0.8时，显微硬度最高，耐磨性最好，最大硬度值达到602 HV，磨损量最小为0.30 g. 对于耐蚀性，加入一定量的Nb元素后极化曲线中自腐蚀电流密度减小，腐蚀速率减慢，耐蚀性增强，均优于304不锈钢，当Nb摩尔比为1.0时，堆焊层合金耐蚀性最好.
- 高熵合金 /
- 微观组织 /
- 显微硬度 /
- 磨损性能 /
- 电化学腐蚀
Abstract: In order to study the effect of Nb element content on the structure and properties of FeAlCuCrNiNb_x (x = 0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0) high-entropy alloy, the FeAlCuCrNiNb_x high-entropy alloy was prepared on the surface of carbon steel sheet by the technique of gas metal arc welding. The microstructure, phase composition, microhardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of surfacing layer were analyzed. The results show that: the surfacing layer of FeCuCrAlNiNb_x high-entropy alloy is composed of Fe-Cr phase-based BCC solid solution and a few of MC eutectic carbide. The structure is a typical dendrite structure, which is composed of gray dendrite (DR) and white interdendrite (ID) structure. For wear resistance, addition amounts of Nb can significantly improve the microhardness and wear resistance of surfacing layer. The optimal properties of surface layer were obtained when the molar ratio of Nb element is 0.8, which maximum microhardness value is 602 HV, the minimum wear is 0.30 g, respectively. For the corrosion performance, with increase of Nb element addtion amounts, the self-corrosion current density become to reduce, the corrosion rate become to slow, and the corrosion resistance enhances. All of these are better than 304 stainless steel. When the molar ratio of Nb element is 1.0, the corrosion resistance of the surfacing alloy is the best.
- high-entropy alloy /
- microstructure /
- microhardness /
- wear resistance /
- electrochemical corrosion

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图 1 FeAlCuCrNiNb_x系高熵合金各成分参数值

Figure 1. Component parameter values of FeAlCuCrNiNb_x high entropy alloy

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图 2 FeAlCuCrNiNb_x系高熵合金X射线衍射对比分析图

Figure 2. X-ray diffraction analysis of FeAlCuCrNiNb_x high entropy alloy. (a) overall picture；(b) partial view

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图 3 不同Nb含量的FeAlCuCrNiNb_x系高熵合金组织形貌

Figure 3. Microstructure of FeAlCuCrNiNb_x high entropy alloy with different Nb content. (a) Nb_0.4 ；(b) Nb_0.6；(c) Nb_0.8；(d) Nb_1.0

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图 4 FeAlCuCrNiNb_x高熵合金显微硬度分布

Figure 4. Microhardness distribution of the FeAlCuCrNiNb_x high entropy alloy

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图 5 FeAlCuCrNiNb_0.8高熵合金横截面组织形貌

Figure 5. Cross-sectional microstructure of the FeAlCuCrNiNb_0.8 high entropy alloy

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图 6 FeAlCuCrNiNb_x高熵合金平均硬度和磨损量

Figure 6. Comparison of microhardness and wear mass loss of the FeAlCuCrNiNb_x high entropy alloy

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图 7 不同Nb含量的高熵合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的极化曲线

Figure 7. Polarization curves of high entropy alloy with different Nb contents in 3.5% NaCl solution

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图 8 腐蚀形貌

Figure 8. Corrosion morphology. (a) FeAlCuCrNiNb_0.6；(b) 304 stainless steel

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表 1 H08A钢带的化学成分（质量分数，%）

Table 1 Chemical compositions of H08A steel strip

C	Si	Mn	S	P	Fe
< 0.01	≤ 0.03	0.30 ~ 0.55	≤ 0.03	≤ 0.03	余量

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表 2 各成分的理论参数值

Table 2 Theoretical parameter values of each component

成分	混合熵 ΔS/(J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹)	原子尺寸差 δ（%）	混合焓 ΔH/(kJ·mol⁻¹)	价电子浓度 V_EC
Nb_0.4	14.58	5.98	−7.16	7.41
Nb_0.6	14.77	6.14	−8.39	7.32
Nb_0.8	14.87	6.26	−9.44	7.24
Nb_1.0	14.90	6.35	−10.33	7.16

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表 3 FeAlCuCrNiNb_x高熵合金堆焊层不同区域的元素含量（原子分数，%）

Table 3 Element content of different regions in FeAlCuCrNiNb_x high entropy alloy surfacing layer

合金	区域	Fe	Al	Cu	Cr	Ni	Nb	C
	沉淀物	44.38	22.74	1.75	2.69	2.29	10.85	15.30
FeAlCuCrNiNb_0.4	DR	74.05	1.99	6.69	8.56	7.13	1.58	—
	ID	69.84	1.58	13.02	5.92	6.49	3.15	—
	沉淀物	16.91	15.37	2.17	2.76	3.60	42.66	16.53
FeAlCuCrNiNb_0.6	DR	73.47	2.12	5.91	8.15	7.41	2.94	—
	ID	66.92	2.96	11.50	7.73	6.79	4.10	—
	沉淀物	11.70	11.77	1.66	2.23	3.36	49.58	19.70
FeAlCuCrNiNb_0.8	DR	71.93	1.71	6.84	8.90	7.52	3.10	—
	ID	66.62	2.48	11.91	7.93	6.47	4.59	—
	沉淀物	16.69	18.25	2.18	2.84	2.98	38.39	18.67
FeAlCuCrNiNb_1.0	DR	73.99	1.96	6.18	8.22	7.37	2.28	—
	ID	69.36	1.90	12.38	6.55	6.09	3.72	—

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表 4 FeAlCuCrNiNb_x高熵合金自腐蚀电位和电流密度

Table 4 Self-corrosion potential and current density of the FeAlCuCrNiNb_x high entropy alloy

合金	腐蚀电位E/V	自腐蚀电流密度I/ (mA·cm⁻²)
304不锈钢	−0.900 8	1.648 6 × 10⁻⁴
FeAlCuCrNiNb_0.4	−0.583 7	8.980 7 × 10⁻⁵
FeAlCuCrNiNb_0.6	−0.707 73	6.308 4 × 10⁻⁵
FeAlCuCrNiNb_0.8	−0.663 73	4.192 9 × 10⁻⁵
FeAlCuCrNiNb_1.0	−0.728 32	7.770 7 × 10⁻⁶

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