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激光毛化对铝/钢电弧熔钎焊接头界面与性能的影响

Effect of laser texturing on the interface and properties of aluminum/steel arc fusion brazed joints

  • 摘要: 使用高性能铝/钢焊接件是汽车轻量化一直追求的目标. 针对铝/钢接头界面脆性金属间化合物层导致接头性能较差并限制其应用的问题,采用小功率激光毛化处理工艺改变钢表面微观形貌,开展铝上钢下的TIG熔钎焊试验. 通过扫描电镜观察分析了接头界面金属间化合物层的形态与分布,研究了激光毛化线间距对液态铝在钢表面润湿铺展行为及接头钎接界面金属间化合物形态与分布对接头力学性能的影响规律. 结果表明,钢表面经毛化处理后,液态铝在其表面的润湿铺展性能变差,但接头钢侧界面由平直状态变为凹槽锯齿状弯曲状态,使铝钢反应接触面积增大、机械咬合作用增强,同时凹槽对裂纹的扩展起到阻断作用,提高了接头的力学性能. 金属间化合物分布呈现出由沿界面均匀连续性分布变为凹槽内数量较多的非均匀分布特征. 当线间距为130 μm时,接头平均抗拉剪强度达到85.8 MPa.

     

    Abstract: Using the high-performance aluminum/steel welding parts is the goal of automotive lightweight. Aim at the problem that the brittle intermetallic compound layer at the joint interface of aluminum/steel leads to a poor joint performance and limits its application, a TIG brazing test of aluminum upper steel is designed. The steel is texturing with low-power laser. The morphology and distribution of intermetallic compounds are analyzed via scanning electron microscopy. The effects of texturing line spacing on wetting and spreading behavior, the distributing of intermetallic compound at interface and the joint mechanical are researched. Results as following: the wetting and spreading of liquid aluminum on steel is deteriorated after texturing. However, the morphology of steel from flag to jag groove increases the reaction contact area and mechanical occlusion. Meanwhile, the groove blocks the cracks growth so that the mechanical properties improved. The intermetallic compounds distribution changes from uniform continue along the interface to non-uniform inside the groove. Under the condition of the line spacing is 130 μm, the average tensile strength of the joint reaches 85.5 MPa.

     

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