铝合金薄板搅拌摩擦焊搭接界面缺陷与接头性能
Interface defects and mechanical properties in friction stir welded lap joint of thin aluminum alloy sheets
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摘要: 针对2A12–T4铝合金薄板进行了搅拌摩擦焊搭接试验，研究了焊接参数对缺陷形态与接头性能的影响规律. 结果表明，勾状缺陷具有更大的高度和弯曲角度，最大缺陷高度为上板厚度的12.7%. 随焊接速度增大，缺陷高度减小.随转速提高，勾状缺陷高度先增加后减小，冷搭接缺陷高度呈“V”形变化. 在950 r/min，200 mm/min下接头强度最高，接头系数可达84%. 维氏显微硬度分布呈“W”形，上板出现接头软化，焊核区下部硬度高于上部硬度. 冷搭接缺陷是影响接头性能的主要因素，由于有效搭接宽度较小，接头断裂方式为沿搭接面的剪切断裂.Abstract: 2A12-T4 thin aluminum alloy sheets with different thickness were friction stir lap welded. The influences of welding parameters on defects morphology and mechanical properties of lap joints were investigated in detail. The results show that the hooking defect displayed higher height and angle compared to cold-lap defect, as maximum defects height was 12.7% of the upper sheet thickness. With the increase of welding speed, height of both hooking and cold-lap defects decreased. The height of hooking defect rose to peak and then declined as improving rotation speed further, but the opposite result appeared in cold-lap defect. Highest strength value obtained under 950 r/min and 200 mm/min and joint efficiency can reach 84%. Vickers microhardness distribution exhibited W-shaped profile. Joint softing occurred in the upper sheet and hardness of the bottom nugget zone was higher than the upper zone. Cold-lap defect was the main factor that affected joint properties. All specimens in the tensile-shear test show shear fracture model along the lap interface, which could be attributed to relative low effective lap width.
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