自保护药芯焊丝激光-电弧复合热源堆焊参数对焊道表面成形的影响
Influence of the surfacing process of laser-arc hybrid welding with self-shielded flux-cored wire on the bead appearance
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摘要: 以自保护药芯焊丝(414N-O)为研究对象，借助焊道表面成形系数来评价自保护药芯焊丝激光-电弧复合热源堆焊焊道的表面成形特征，研究了自保护药芯焊丝激光-电弧复合热源堆焊过程中堆焊参数对焊道表面成形的影响. 结果表明,复合热源堆焊过程中，激光的加入明显降低了自保护药芯焊丝电弧作用点漂移概率，有效地克服了自保护药芯焊丝长弧堆焊气孔问题，降低了电弧对工件表面的作用能量. 堆焊参数中，光丝前后位置和光丝间距对焊道表面成形特征起决定性影响，激光前置时光丝间距对焊道表面成形影响显著，激光后置时则影响较小；光丝间距DLA=0 mm和DLA=+2 mm时，有利于焊道表面成形;光丝间距DLA=-2 mm时，恶化了焊道表面成形；激光功率、堆焊速度、堆焊电流和堆焊电压对焊道余高影响显著,激光功率、堆焊电流和堆焊电压对焊道表面成形系数影响显著,焊丝伸出长度对焊道余高和焊道表面成形系数影响较小.Abstract: This paper evaluated the weld appearance of laser-arc hybrid surfacing which used self-shielded flux-cored wire(414N-O) by the form factor of weld. The influence of surfacing parameters on bead appearance during laser-arc hybrid surfacing process was studied. The results indicated that the adding of laser significantly decreased the probability of drift of arc-work point, eliminated the pores produced in the long arc surfacing effectively, and degraded the arc effect on the workpiece surface. The laser-wire position and distance (DLA) exerted a decisive influence on the weld appearance. When the laser was placed in front of the welding wire, theDLAhad a prominent influence on the weld appearance and vice versa. The bead appearance could be improved whenDLAwas 0 or +2 mm. However, the bead appearance could be deteriorated whenDLAbecome -2 mm. The bead reinforcement was significantly affected by laser power, welding speed, welding current and welding voltage. And laser power, welding current and welding voltage presented a remarkable influence on the form factor of weld. But the influence of wire extension on both of the bead appearance and form factor of weld is less.
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