高级检索

Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu37.49-xNi6.25Cox非晶钎料真空钎焊TC4钛合金/316L不锈钢

韩文倩, 董红刚, 马月婷, 李鹏, 吴宝生, 张亮亮

韩文倩, 董红刚, 马月婷, 李鹏, 吴宝生, 张亮亮. Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu37.49-xNi6.25Cox非晶钎料真空钎焊TC4钛合金/316L不锈钢[J]. 焊接学报, 2024, 45(1): 47-57. DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20221123001
引用本文: 韩文倩, 董红刚, 马月婷, 李鹏, 吴宝生, 张亮亮. Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu37.49-xNi6.25Cox非晶钎料真空钎焊TC4钛合金/316L不锈钢[J]. 焊接学报, 2024, 45(1): 47-57. DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20221123001
HAN Wenqian, DONG Honggang, MA Yueting, LI Peng, WU Baosheng, ZHANG Liangliang. Vacuum brazing TC4 titanium alloy / 316L stainless steel with Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu37.49-xNi6.25Cox amorphous filler metals[J]. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CHINA WELDING INSTITUTION, 2024, 45(1): 47-57. DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20221123001
Citation: HAN Wenqian, DONG Honggang, MA Yueting, LI Peng, WU Baosheng, ZHANG Liangliang. Vacuum brazing TC4 titanium alloy / 316L stainless steel with Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu37.49-xNi6.25Cox amorphous filler metals[J]. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CHINA WELDING INSTITUTION, 2024, 45(1): 47-57. DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20221123001

Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu37.49-xNi6.25Cox非晶钎料真空钎焊TC4钛合金/316L不锈钢

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52275314,52075074)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    韩文倩,硕士研究生;主要从事钛合金/不锈钢异种金属钎焊工艺研究; Email: duthanwenqian@163.com

    通讯作者:

    董红刚,博士,教授,博士研究生导师;Email: donghg@dlut.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TG 454

Vacuum brazing TC4 titanium alloy / 316L stainless steel with Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu37.49-xNi6.25Cox amorphous filler metals

  • 摘要:

    根据双团簇模型设计并制备了Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Co系非晶钎料,用于真空钎焊TC4钛合金和316L不锈钢,分析了钎料中Co元素含量对钎焊接头界面微观组织形貌、力学性能及断裂行为的影响规律.结果表明,钎焊接头可划分为TC4/扩散区(I区)/钎缝中心区(II区)/界面区(III区)/316L,界面典型微观组织结构为TC4/β-Ti + Ti2Cu/(Ti, Zr)2(Cu, Ni) + Ti2Cu + Ti2(Cu, Ni) + TiFe/(Fe, Cr)2Ti + α-(Fe, Cr) + τ + γ-(Fe, Ni) + σ/316L,随着Co元素含量的增加,接头剪切强度先升高后降低再升高,当Co元素含量为1.56%时达到最大310 MPa,不添加Co元素时,接头断裂于钎缝中心区(II区);当Co元素含量为1.56% ~ 6.24%时,接头断裂于靠近316L母材的界面区(III区)附近,断裂模式为典型的解理断裂.

    Abstract:

    Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Co amorphous filler metals were designed and prepared for vacuum brazing of TC4 titanium alloy to 316L stainless steel according to the dual-cluster model. The effect of Co content in filler metals on the microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture behavior of brazed joints was investigated. The results showed that the cross section of brazed joint could be divided into TC4/diffusion zone I/brazing seam center zone II/interface zone III/316L. The typical interfacial microstructure of the brazed joints was TC4/β-Ti + Ti2Cu/(Ti, Zr)2(Cu, Ni) + Ti2Cu + Ti2(Cu, Ni) + TiFe/(Fe, Cr)2Ti + α-(Fe, Cr) + τ + γ -(Fe, Ni) + σ/316L. The shear strength of brazed joints first increased, then decreased and then increased with the increase of Co content. The maximum shear strength of 310 MPa was obtained at 1.56% Co. When Co element was not added, brazed joints fractured in the center of the brazing seam (zone II). And when the Co content was 1.56 ~ 6.24%, brazed joints fractured near the interface zone (zone III) of 316L base metal. The fracture mode was typical cleavage fracture.

  • 图  1   母材的微观组织和XRD图谱

    Figure  1.   Microstructure and XRD patterns of base metals. (a) TC4 microstructure; (b) 316L microstructure; (c) TC4 XRD; (d) 316L XRD

    图  2   Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Co系非晶钎料

    Figure  2.   Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Co Ingots amorphous filler metals. (a) ingots; (b) width; (c) thickness

    图  3   钎焊装配和剪切夹具示意图

    Figure  3.   Schematic diagram of brazing assembly and shear test fixture. (a) brazing assembly; (b) shear test fixture

    图  4   钎焊工艺加热曲线

    Figure  4.   Heating curve for brazing process

    图  5   Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Co系非晶钎料表征

    Figure  5.   Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Co amorphous filler metals. (a) XRD patterns; (b) DTA curves

    图  6   Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu35.93Ni6.25Co1.56钎料钎焊接头的微观组织

    Figure  6.   Microstructure of brazed joint with Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu35.93Ni6.25Co1.56 filler metal. (a) low-magnification image of the joint and (b) magnified image of zone b in a

    图  7   采用Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu35.93Ni6.25Co1.56非晶钎料钎焊接头的元素分布

    Figure  7.   Elemental distribution of brazed joint with Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu35.93Ni6.25Co1.56 amorphous filler metal

    图  8   采用Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu35.93Ni6.25Co1.56非晶钎料钎焊接头316L母材侧的元素分布

    Figure  8.   Elemental distribution at 316L base metal side of brazed joint with Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu35.93Ni6.25Co1.56 amorphous filler metal

    图  9   采用Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu35.93Ni6.25Co1.56非晶钎料钎焊接头元素线扫描分布

    Figure  9.   Elemental line scanning distribution of brazed joint with Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu35.93Ni6.25Co1.56 amorphous filler metal. (a) integral joint; (b) magnified image of zone b in 9(a)

    图  10   950 ℃/10 min条件下不同Co含量非晶钎料钎焊接头界面微观组织

    Figure  10.   Effect of Co content in filler metals on interfacial microstructure of brazed joint at 950 ℃/10 min. (a) 0%; (b) 1.56%; (c) 3.12%; (d) 4.68%; (e) 6.24%

    图  11   不同Co元素含量钎焊接头III区Ti-Fe化合物层的厚度

    Figure  11.   Thickness of Ti-Fe reaction layer in zone III of brazed joints with different Co content

    图  12   950 ℃/10 min条件下不同Co元素含量非晶钎料钎焊接头的剪切强度

    Figure  12.   Shear strength of brazed joints with different Co content filler metals at 950 ℃/10 min

    图  13   950 ℃/10 min条件下不同Co元素含量非晶钎料钎焊接头断裂路径

    Figure  13.   Fracture path of brazed joints with different Co content filler metals at 950 ℃/10 min. (a) 0%; (b) 1.56%; (c) 3.12%; (d) 4.68%; (e) 6.24%

    图  14   使用不同钎料钎焊接头断口形貌

    Figure  14.   Fracture morphology of brazed joints. (a) Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu35.93Ni6.25Co1.56; (b) Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu34.37Ni6.25Co3.12

    图  15   使用不同钎料钎焊接头断口XRD图谱

    Figure  15.   XRD patterns of fracture surfaces. (a) Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu35.93Ni6.25Co1.56; (b) Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu34.37Ni6.25Co3.12

    表  1   母材化学成分(质量分数,%)

    Table  1   Chemical compositions of base metals

    母材AlVCrNiMoMnFeTi
    TC45.93.6余量
    316L16.510.22.01.3余量
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   钎料的固相线温度(Tm)和液相线温度(Tl)

    Table  2   Solidus temperature and liquidus temperature of filler metals

    钎料 固相线
    温度
    Tm/℃
    液相线
    温度
    Tl/℃
    熔化温度
    区间
    Tl ~ Tm/℃
    Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu37.49Ni6.25Co084786215
    Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu35.93Ni6.25Co1.5684385512
    Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu34.37Ni6.25Co3.1284987223
    Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu32.81Ni6.25Co4.6885086414
    Ti43.76Zr12.50Cu31.25Ni6.25Co6.2485487319
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   图6中标记位置的EPMA点元素分析结果(原子分数,%)

    Table  3   EPMA analysis results of the marked locations in Fig. 6

    TiCuZrNiCoAlVFeCr可能相
    A85.60.80.30.111.31.60.2α-Ti
    B75.84.60.61.40.37.25.83.90.6β-Ti
    C66.123.12.52.30.21.91.12.10.8Ti2Cu
    D72.67.02.81.40.34.52.76.22.5β-Ti
    E40.825.015.84.40.45.31.35.41.7(Ti, Zr)2(Cu, Ni)
    F63.027.93.72.60.20.80.41.30.2Ti2Cu
    G50.822.02.23.90.92.51.014.32.5Ti2(Cu, Ni) + TiFe
    H32.00.90.94.00.40.50.352.48.5(Fe, Cr)2Ti
    I3.90.63.40.30.10.859.131.8α-(Fe, Cr) + τ
    J1.00.39.30.50.170.818.0γ-(Fe, Ni) + σ
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4   图14中标记位置的EDS点元素分析结果(原子分数,%)

    Table  4   EDS analysis results of the marked locations in Fig. 14

    TiCuZrNiCoAlVFeCr可能相
    A48.425.45.74.81.32.70.79.81.3Ti2Cu
    B53.825.211.02.80.23.20.42.90.6(Ti, Zr)2(Cu, Ni)
    C48.124.713.93.80.43.40.73.91.2(Ti, Zr)2(Cu, Ni)
    D30.80.72.13.40.61.10.450.510.5TiFe2
    E48.521.73.23.81.33.70.714.92.4Ti2(Cu, Ni) + TiFe
    F48.323.63.55.21.22.313.92.0Ti2(Cu, Ni) + TiFe
    G58.112.110.23.40.86.51.95.61.6(Ti, Zr)2(Cu, Ni)
    H49.118.92.07.12.62.60.515.31.9Ti2(Cu, Ni) + TiFe
    I49.919.12.75.72.63.50.614.21.7Ti-Cu-Fe
    J11.50.40.72.90.30.70.657.026.0FeCr
    K38.25.61.35.41.51.60.336.99.3TiFe
    L47.919.43.06.02.42.90.316.02.2Ti-Cu-Fe
    下载: 导出CSV
  • [1] 赵永庆, 葛鹏. 我国自主研发钛合金现状与进展[J]. 航空材料学报, 2014, 34(4): 51 − 61.

    Zhao Yongqing, Ge Peng. Current situation and development of new titanium alloys invented in China[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2014, 34(4): 51 − 61.

    [2] 宋庭丰, 蒋小松, 莫德锋, 等. 不锈钢和钛合金异种金属焊接研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2015, 29(6): 81 − 87.

    Song Tingfeng, Jiang Xiaosong, Mo Defeng, et al. A survey on dissimilar welding of stainless steel and titanium alloy[J]. Materials Reports, 2015, 29(6): 81 − 87.

    [3] 李鹏, 李京龙, 熊江涛, 等. 添加Ni + Nb中间层的钛合金与不锈钢扩散焊工艺研究[J]. 航空材料学报, 2011, 31(3): 46 − 51.

    Li Peng, Li Jinglong, Xiong Jiangtao, et al. Study on diffusion bonded titanium alloy to stainless steel with Ni + Nb interlayers[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2011, 31(3): 46 − 51.

    [4] 邓云华, 岳喜山, 李晓辉, 等. TC4钛合金/304不锈钢异种材料蜂窝结构钎焊工艺[J]. 焊接学报, 2019, 40(10): 148 − 155.

    Deng Yunhua, Yue Xishan, Li Xiaohui, et al. Brazing process of TC4 titanium/304 stainless steel dissimilar materials honeycomb sandwich structure[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2019, 40(10): 148 − 155.

    [5] 王廷, 张秉刚, 陈国庆, 等. 钛/钢异种金属焊接存在问题及研究现状[J]. 焊接, 2009(9): 29 − 33.

    Wang Ting, Zhang Binggang, Chen Guoqing, et al. Problems and research status of welding of dissimilar metals between titanium alloy and steel[J]. Welding & Joining, 2009(9): 29 − 33.

    [6]

    Hao X H, Dong H G, Li S, et al. Lap joining of TC4 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel with fillet weld by GTAW using copper-based filler wire[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Tech, 2018, 257: 88 − 100. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.02.020

    [7]

    Liu H, Cheng Z, Huang J H, et al. Feasibility study of different filler metals on MIG-TIG double-sided arc brazing of titanium alloy-stainless steel[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2019, 47: 183 − 191. doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.09.029

    [8] 王廷, 张秉刚, 张艳桥, 等. 采用不同结构Cu/V填充层的钛合金/不锈钢电子束焊接试验[J]. 焊接学报, 2014, 35(8): 71 − 74.

    Wang Ting, Zhang Binggang, Zhang Yanqiao, et al. Experimental research on electron beam welding of titanium alloy to stainless steel based on Cu/V filler metals with different shapes[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2014, 35(8): 71 − 74.

    [9]

    Tomashchuk I, Sallamand P, Belvavina N, et al. Evolution of microstructures and mechanical properties during dissimilar electron beam welding of titanium alloy to stainless steel via copper interlayer[J]. Materials Science and Engineering:A, 2013, 585: 114 − 122. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2013.07.050

    [10]

    Zhang Y, Sun D Q, Gu X Y, et al. Nd/YAG pulsed laser welding of TC4 titanium alloy to 301L stainless steel via pure copper interlayer[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2017, 90(1-4): 953 − 961. doi: 10.1007/s00170-016-9453-z

    [11]

    Fang Y J, Jiang X S, Song T F, et al. Pulsed laser welding of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy to AISI 316L stainless steel using Cu/Nb bilayer[J]. Materials Letters, 2019, 244: 163 − 166. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2019.02.075

    [12]

    Balasubramanian M. Development of processing windows for diffusion bonding of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 304 stainless steel with silver as intermediate layer[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2015, 25(9): 2932 − 2938. doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(15)63919-X

    [13]

    Li P, Li C, Dong H G, et al. Vacuum diffusion bonding of TC4 titanium alloy to 316L stainless steel with AlCoCrCuNi2 high-entropy alloy interlayer[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2022, 909: 164698. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.164698

    [14]

    Li P, Dong H G, Xia Y Q, et al. Inhomogeneous interface structure and mechanical properties of rotary friction welded TC4 titanium alloy/316L stainless steel joints[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2018, 33: 54 − 63. doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.05.001

    [15]

    Liu H H, Aoki Y, Aoki Y, et al. Principle for obtaining high joint quality in dissimilar friction welding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy and SUS316L stainless steel[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2020, 46: 211 − 224.

    [16]

    Chu Q L, Zhang M, Li J H, et al. Experimental and numerical investigation of microstructure and mechanical behavior of titanium/steel interfaces prepared by explosive welding[J]. Materials Science and Engineering:A, 2017, 689: 323 − 331. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2017.02.075

    [17]

    Zhou Q, Liu R, Ran C, et al. Effect of microstructure on mechanical properties of titanium-steel explosive welding interface[J]. Materials Science and Engineering:A, 2022, 830: 142260. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.142260

    [18]

    Han K, Wang T, Chang S T, et al. Interface characteristics and mechanical property of titanium/steel joint by electron beam brazing with 72Ag-28Cu filler metal[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2020, 59: 58 − 67. doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.09.049

    [19]

    Xia Y Q, Dong H G, Li P, et al. Brazing TC4 titanium alloy/316L stainless steel joint with Ti50- xZr xCu39Ni11 amorphous filler metals[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020, 849: 156650. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156650

    [20]

    Xia Y Q, Li P, Hao X H, et al. Interfacial microstructure and mechanical property of TC4 titanium alloy/316L stainless steel joint brazed with Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-V amorphous filler metal[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2018, 35: 382 − 395. doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.08.022

    [21] 朱瑞, 李国选, 汪月勇, 等. TC4钛合金-316L不锈钢真空钎焊接头组织与性能研究[J]. 有色金属工程, 2021, 11(12): 8 − 14. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1744.2021.12.002

    Zhu Rui, Li Guoxuan, Wang Yueyong, et al. An investigation on microstructure and mechanical properties of vacuum brazed TC4 titanium to 316L stainless steel[J]. Nonferrous Metals Engineering, 2021, 11(12): 8 − 14. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1744.2021.12.002

    [22]

    Ma Y P, Dong D D, Dong C, et al. Composition formulas of binary eutectics[J]. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5: 14 − 18.

    [23]

    Takeuchi A, Inoue A. Classification of bulk metallic glasses by atomic size difference, heat of mixing and period of constituent elements and its application to characterization of the main alloying element[J]. Materials Transactions, 2005, 46(12): 2817 − 2829. doi: 10.2320/matertrans.46.2817

    [24]

    Akbarpour M R, Mirabad H M, Hemmati A, et al. Processing and microstructure of Ti-Cu binary alloys: A comprehensive review[J]. Progress in Materials Science, 2022: 100933.

    [25]

    Turchanin M A, Velikanova T Y, Agraval P G, et al. Thermodynamic assessment of the Cu-Ti-Zr system. III. Cu-Ti-Zr System[J]. Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics, 2007, 47: 586 − 606.

    [26]

    Li X Q, Li L, Hu K, et al. Vacuum brazing of TiAl-based intermetallics with Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Co amorphous alloy as filler metal[J]. Intermetallics, 2015, 57: 7 − 16. doi: 10.1016/j.intermet.2014.09.010

    [27]

    Raghavan V. Cu-Fe-Ti (Copper-Iron-Titanium)[J]. Journal of Phase Equilibria, 2002, 23(2): 172 − 174. doi: 10.1361/1054971023604152

    [28]

    Xia Y Q, Dong H G, Zhang R Z, et al. Interfacial microstructure and shear strength of Ti6Al4V alloy/316 L stainless steel joint brazed with Ti33.3Zr16.7Cu50-xNix amorphous filler metals[J]. Materials & Design, 2020, 187: 108380.

    [29]

    Zeng L J, Liu L B, Huang S X, et al. Experimental investigation of phase equilibria in the Ti-Fe-Cr ternary system[J]. Calphad, 2017, 58: 58 − 69. doi: 10.1016/j.calphad.2017.05.006

    [30]

    Yen Y W, Su J W, Huang D P. Phase equilibria of the Fe-Cr-Ni ternary systems and interfacial reactions in Fe–Cr alloys with Ni substrate[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2007, 457(1/2): 270 − 278.

    [31]

    Cao X, Dong K W, Zhu R, et al. A high-strength vacuum brazed TC4/316L joint with a Ti-Zr-based amorphous ribbon as the filler metal[J]. Vacuum, 2021, 187: 110070.

  • 期刊类型引用(0)

    其他类型引用(9)

图(15)  /  表(4)
计量
  • 文章访问数:  328
  • HTML全文浏览量:  114
  • PDF下载量:  70
  • 被引次数: 9
出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-11-22
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-07-10
  • 刊出日期:  2024-01-30

目录

    /

    返回文章
    返回