GH2132高温合金熔敷金属结晶裂纹敏感性

郭枭; 徐锴; 魏超; 韩莹; 吕晓春

doi:10.12073/j.hjxb.20220623002

GH2132高温合金熔敷金属结晶裂纹敏感性

哈尔滨焊接研究院有限公司, 哈尔滨, 150028

基金项目: 黑龙江省“百千万”工程科技重大专项“高端智能焊接装备及焊接材料技术开发”项目(2020ZX0301)

详细信息

作者简介:
郭枭，1988年出生，博士，高级工程师；主要从事先进金属材料焊接性及焊接冶金等研究，发表各类论文30余篇；Email: guoxiaogarden@163.com

通讯作者:
徐锴，研究员，博士生导师. Email: wellxk@sina.com.

中图分类号: TG 434
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-22
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-28
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-24

Solidification crack sensitivity of GH2132 superalloy deposited metal

Harbin Welding Institute Co., Ltd, Harbin 150028, China

摘要

摘要: 针对GH2132高温合金熔敷金属热裂纹敏感性问题，通过采用试制焊丝、熔敷金属焊接试验、组织及断口分析、凝固计算等手段对熔敷金属组织、凝固行为、开裂机制等进行了研究. 结果表明，试验熔敷金属金相组织主要由柱状树枝晶γ相(NiCrFe固溶体)、枝晶间富Ti的Laves相(Cr，Fe，Ni)₂ (Ti，Mo)、MC碳化物与共晶组织组成，凝固路径为L→L + γ→L + γ + MC→L + γ + MC + Laves→γ + MC + Laves，裂纹断口呈典型的鹅卵石共晶花样，整个断口形貌被呈自由表面的液膜所覆盖，属于发生在高温段的结晶裂纹. 结晶裂纹开裂机理为在凝固过程的终了阶段，发生了L→γ + Laves的低熔点共晶反应，在凝固收缩应力作用下，残余液相未及时补充而形成. Laves相的形成主要与凝固过程中Ti元素的偏析有关，理论计算结果表明，GH2132结晶裂纹指数(solidification cracking index, SCI)值为1944 ℃，(solidification temperature range, STR)为258 ℃，在结晶裂纹敏感性评价方面，相比STR，SCI指标能相对更为合理地实现结晶裂纹敏感性的量化评价，但仍存在考虑因素不全等问题.
- 高温合金 /
- 结晶裂纹 /
- Laves相
Abstract: Aiming at the problem of high sensitivity of hot crack in GH2132 superalloy welding, the microstructure, solidification behavior and cracking mechanism of GTAW deposited metal were studied by new developed welding wire, welding test of deposited metal, microstructural and fracture analysis, solidification calculation. The results show that the microstructure of the deposited metal was mainly composed of columnar dendrite γ phase (NiCrFe solid solution), Ti rich in Laves phase (Cr, Fe, Ni)₂(Ti, Mo), MC carbides and eutectic structure in the interdendritic. The solidification mode of the new developing wire was L→L + γ→L + γ + MC→L + γ + MC + Laves→γ + MC + Laves. The fracture surface showed typical cobblestone eutectic pattern, and the whole fracture morphology was covered by liquid film with free surface, indicating that the crystal crack occurred in the high temperature section. The mechanism of solidification crack was L→γ + Laves eutectic reaction with low melting point occurs at the terminal stage of solidification process. Under the action of solidification shrinkage stress, the residual liquid phase was not replenished in time and formed. The formation of Laves phase was mainly related to the segregation of Ti element during solidification. The theoretical calculation results show that the SCI (Solidification Cracking Index) value of GH2132 was 1944 ℃, and the STR (Solidification Cracking Range) was 258 ℃. In the evaluation of crystal crack sensitivity, SCI index can achieve the quantitative evaluation of crystal crack sensitivity more reasonably than STR, but there are still some problems such as incomplete factors to be considered.
- superalloy /
- solidification crack /
- Laves phase

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图 1 宏观金相

Figure 1. Macroscopic metallograph

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图 2 微观金相

Figure 2. Microscopic metallograph

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图 3 断口形貌

Figure 3. Microstructure of crack fracture. (a) Top; (b) Middle; (c) Bottom

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图 4 熔敷金属SEM微观形貌

Figure 4. Microstructure of deposited metal by SEM. (a) Crack tip; (b) Precipitated phase; (c) Eutectic structure; (d) Precipitated phase interface crack

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图 5 Scheil凝固计算结果

Figure 5. Solidification calculated results based on Scheil model. (a) Trend of phase proportion with temperature; (b) The composition of liquid phase changes with temperature during solidification; (c) The composition of Laves phase was compared with matrix γ at the end of crystallization

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图 6 基于凝固计算的GH2132合金温度T与f_s^1/2、f_s关系

Figure 6. Relationship between T-f_s^1/2 and T-f_s curves of GH2132 alloy based on solidification calculation

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图 7 基于凝固计算的GH2132合金SCI与f_s关系曲线

Figure 7. SCI-f_s Relationship curve of GH2132 alloy based on solidification calculation

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图 8 GH2132熔敷金属的DSC曲线

Figure 8. Curves of all weld metal with GH2132 by DSC

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表 1 GTAW工艺参数

Table 1 GTAW parameters

焊接电流I/A	电弧电压U/V	焊接速度v₁ /(mm∙min⁻¹)	送丝速度v/(mm∙min⁻¹)	保护气体	层温控制T/℃
180	13.5	135	1100	99.99% Ar	≤100

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表 2 试验用GH2132焊丝化学成分(质量分数，%)

Table 2 Compositions of experimental GH 2132 wire(wt. %)

C	Cr	Ni	Mo	Fe	Ti
0.055	15.01	26.17	1.16	余量	2.09

S	P	Si	Mn	V	Al
0.008	0.015	0.49	1.03	0.32	0.18

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表 3 熔敷金属各典型相EDS分析结果(质量分数，%)

Table 3 EDS results of typical phases in deposited metal

分析	Ti	Ni	Cr	Fe
基体	1.1±0.4	24.8±1.0	15.8±0.5	55.1±1.5
点状析出相	47.8±1.5	11.6±1.0	9.0±1.0	24.4±1.5
杆状析出相	20.8±1.5	26.1±1.5	6.6±0.4	45.6±2.3
液膜	12.6±2.3	28.2±0.5	13.9±2.4	41.7±3.2
共晶组织	18.8±0.8	32.1±0.9	7.9±0.2	30.3±1.3

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表 4 基于凝固计算的不同高温合金SCI和STR对比^[16]

Table 4 SCI and STR comparison for various alloy based upon prediction by Scheil solidification model

合金体系	结晶裂纹指数SCI/℃			凝固温度区间STR/℃
合金体系	f_s = 0.8 ~ 0.9	f_s = 0.9 ~ 0.99	f_s = 0.8 ~ 0.99	Scheil凝固
GH2132	1249	2409	1944	258
CM247LC	875	15980	14109	392
IN718	1459	921	1261	264
IN738LC	787	6681	5711	286

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