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高温环境对渗氢锆合金焊接接头断裂行为的影响机制

Mechanism of effect of high-temperature environment on fracture behavior of hydrogenated zirconium alloy welded joints

  • 摘要: 温度和含氢状态是影响Zr-Sn-Nb锆合金焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展行为及拉伸断裂特征的重要因素. 采用电解渗氢与真空扩散退火工艺制备不同含氢状态试样,并在室温和360 ℃下开展疲劳裂纹扩展试验及拉伸断口分析. 结果表明,随着渗氢时间延长,焊缝区和母材区氢化物析出密集. 室温下,含氢状态试样的da/dN-ΔK曲线总体处于较高裂纹扩展速率区,接头抗疲劳裂纹扩展性能下降;360 ℃条件下,裂纹扩展行为仍受ΔK控制,但不同含氢状态试样Paris参数随温度及氢含量呈波动变化,裂纹扩展行为受氢化物分布、焊接组织非均匀性及裂纹路径共同影响. 断口分析显示,氢含量升高使准解理面、平整断裂面和二次裂纹等脆性特征增多;360 ℃条件下,韧窝、微孔洞和撕裂棱等塑性变形特征增加. 氢含量升高会促进接头疲劳裂纹扩展并增强断裂脆化倾向,而360 ℃高温条件可在一定程度上减弱氢致脆化特征.

     

    Abstract: Temperature and hydrogen-containing states are important factors affecting fatigue crack growth behavior and tensile fracture characteristics of Zr-Sn-Nb zirconium alloy welded joints. Specimens with different hydrogen-containing states were prepared by electrolytic hydrogen charging and vacuum diffusion annealing, and fatigue crack growth tests and tensile fracture surface analyses were conducted at room temperature and 360 ℃. With the extension of hydrogen charging time, hydride precipitation in the weld zone and base metal becomes denser. At room temperature, the da/dN–ΔK curves of hydrogen-containing specimens are generally located in a higher crack growth rate region, indicating a decrease in fatigue crack growth resistance of the joint. At 360 ℃, crack growth behavior is still governed by ΔK; however, the Paris parameters of specimens with different hydrogen-containing states fluctuate with temperature and hydrogen content, suggesting that crack growth behavior is jointly affected by hydride distribution, weld microstructural inhomogeneity, and crack propagation path. Fracture surface analysis indicates that an increase in hydrogen content increases brittle features such as quasi-cleavage facets, flat fracture surfaces, and secondary cracks. Under the 360 ℃ condition, plastic deformation features, including dimples, microvoids, and tear ridges, increase. Overall, an increase in hydrogen content promotes fatigue crack growth and enhances the fracture embrittlement tendency of the joint, whereas the high-temperature condition at 360 ℃ weakens hydrogen-induced embrittlement characteristics to some extent.

     

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