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铝/铜蓝-红激光复合焊接头组织及性能

Microstructure and properties of aluminum/copper blue-red hybrid laser welded joint

  • 摘要: 为实现动力电池的高效可靠焊接,文中采用蓝-红复合激光进行了1050 Al/T2 Cu搭接焊,分析了激光功率对接头显微组织、相分布、力学性能及导电性能的影响规律. 结果表明,铝/铜搭接接头焊缝表面平整,截面呈现T形,PB(蓝光功率)保持300 W,PR(红光功率)在700 ~ 1 400 W区间内增加,铜侧熔深由60 μm增大到1 000 μm,在PR = 800 W时实现良好的冶金结合. 焊缝组织由Al固溶体、Al-Cu共晶相和Al2Cu金属间化合物组成,随激光功率增大,焊缝局部出现Al4Cu9相,边缘出现AlCu,Al4Cu9和AlCu3相. 在PR = 800 W下抗剪强度达到最高108.6 MPa,接触电阻达到最小94 μΩ,裂纹由两极交界处Al2Cu区域萌生,沿焊缝边缘由外层Al2Cu区扩展到底部Al固溶体和Al-Cu共晶区交界处,断裂形式为解理断裂.

     

    Abstract: In order to realize efficient and reliable welding of power battery, 1050 aluminum/T2 copper lap welding was carried out by using blue-red laser heat source. The effects of laser power on the microstructure, phase distribution mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the joint were investigated. The results show that the weld surface of Al/Cu lap joint is smooth and the section is “T” shape. When PB (Blue laser power) remains 300 W, PR(Infrared laser power) increases in 700 W ~ 1400 W, the copper side penetration depth increases from 60 μm to 1000 μm, achieving a good metallurgical bonding with PR = 800 W. The weld microstructure is composed of Al solid solution, Al-Cu eutectic alloy and Al2Cu intermetallic compound phases. With the increase of laser power, Al4Cu9 phases appear locally in the weld, and AlCu, Al4Cu9 and AlCu3 phases appear at the edge. When PR = 800 W, the weld strength reaches the maximum of 108.6 MPa, and the contact resistance reaches the minimum of 94 μΩ. The crack starts from the junction of two plates region (Al2Cu) and extends along the weld edge from the outer Al2Cu region to the junction of Al solid solution and Al-Cu eutectic alloy at the bottom. The fracture form is cleavage fracture.

     

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